一 安装依赖
sudo apt install -y g++
sudo apt install -y cmake
sudo apt install -y make二、安装opencv依赖的库
sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libjpeg-dev libswscale-dev libtiff5-dev参考下以下opencv依赖库
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev
安装opencv依赖的时候，有可能会出现sbin/ldconfig.real:/usr/local/cuda-11.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8 is not a symbolic link 这个问题，请参考Ubuntu20.04中配置opencv依赖时/usr/local/cuda-11.1/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8 is not
三、下载OpenCV 4.5.5和对应版本的opencv-contrib源文件 ,打开opencv官网 opencv.org
解压放到家目录，进入opencv4.5.5目录里，右击鼠标打开终端 创建目录build ,再执行 cd build
mkdir build
cd build
四、cd build目录，开始编译opencv
(1)不添加扩展库
sudo cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=YES -D WITH_FFMPEG=ON ..(2)编译添加扩展库
sudo cmake -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../opencv_contrib/modules ..(3)若装过anaconda，可能存在一些 冲突，如果使用上面这条命令出现： recipe for target 'all' failed的报错。只需要改成
sudo cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_TBB=ON -D BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -D WITH_OPENMP=ON -D ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS=OFF ..
-D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=YES
OpenCV4以上默认不使用pkg-config，该编译选项开启生成opencv4.pc文件，支持pkg-config功能
opencv_contrib全部的版本下载地址：https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/tags
五、编译
sudo make -j8-j8 8指同时使用8个进程，速度快，你也可以根据自己的电脑情况，用-j2 或者-j16
六、安装
sudo make install七、配置pkg-config环境
opencv4.pc文件的默认路径：/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/opencv4.pc若此目录下没有，可以使用以下命令搜索 sudo find / -iname opencv4.pc
sudo gedit /etc/profile.d/pkgconfig.sh把路径加入到PKG_CONFIG_PATH,在文件中加入下面一行代码
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH保存并退出，然后source,使生效
source /etc/profile八、验证是否成功
pkg-config --libs opencv4
类似以上信息，即表示成功
九、配置动态库环境
sudo vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv4.conf文件末尾加上OpenCV的lib路径
/usr/local/lib配置生效
sudo ldconfig十、 测试
cd 到/opencv/samples/cpp/example_cmake目录下，执行如下命令
cmake .
make
./opencv_example十一、vscode里配置
1、安装c/c++扩展, 点击文件,新建一个文件夹，打开文件夹,，新建test.cpp文件，找张图片，写入下列代码
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
const char* imagename = "test.jpg";//此处为你自己的图片路径
//从文件中读入图像
Mat img = imread(imagename, 1);
//如果读入图像失败
if (img.empty()) {
fprintf(stderr, "Can not load image %s\n", imagename);
return -1;
}
//显示图像
imshow("image", img);
//此函数等待按键，按键盘任意键就返回
waitKey();
return 0;
}2、vscode调试主要就是改那三个json文件，opencv4和以前版本的文件夹不一样，这里给出我适用的三个json文件
tasks.json
{
"tasks": [
{
"type": "cppbuild",
"label": "C/C++: g++ build active file", /* 与launch.json文件里的preLaunchTask的内容保持一致 */
"command": "/usr/bin/g++",
"args": [
"-std=c++11",
"-g",
//"${file}", /* 编译单个文件 */
"${fileDirname}/*.cpp", /* 编译多个文件 */
"-o",
"${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}", /* 输出文件路径 */
/* 项目所需的头文件路径 */
"-I","${workspaceFolder}/",
"-I","/usr/local/include/",
"-I","/usr/local/include/opencv4/",
"-I","/usr/local/include/opencv4/opencv2",
/* 项目所需的库文件路径 */
"-L", "/usr/local/lib",
/* OpenCV的lib库 */
"/usr/local/lib/libopencv_*",
],
"options": {
"cwd": "${fileDirname}"
},
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
},
"detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
}
],
"version": "2.0.0"
}
launch.json
{
// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "g++ - Build and debug active file",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}", //程序文件路径
"args": [], //程序运行需传入的参数
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${fileDirname}",
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": true, //运行时是否显示控制台窗口
"MIMode": "gdb",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
],
"preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
"miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
}
]
}
c_cpp_properties.json
{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Linux",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/**",
"/usr/local/include/opencv4"
],
"defines": [],
"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
"cStandard": "gnu11",
"cppStandard": "gnu++14",
"intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64"
}
],
"version": 4
}
然后运行图片出来就OK了，完毕
opencv 4.5编译遇到的问题
1.boostdesc_bgm.i,vgg_generated_48.i等文件的缺失
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/13n1G8xcLoR8LEt8yetH9_A 提取码: cv8w
下载后解压了，将文件夹内的文件放入opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/src/ 路径下即可
2.fatal error: features2d/test/test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp: 没有那个文件或目录
将以下文件（文件不是在opencv\modules\features2d\test\ 里，就是在opencv_contrib-4.5.0\modules\xfeatures2d\test\ 中）放入opencv_contrib-4.5.0\modules\xfeatures2d\test\ 里（在你编译生成的文件夹中的\modules\features2d\中也最好新建个test文件夹，将内容粘贴过去）文章来源：https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-415237.html
test_descriptors_invariance.impl.hpp
test_descriptors_regression.impl.hpp
test_detectors_invariance.impl.hpp
test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp
test_features2d.cpp
test_invariance_utils.hpp
test_rotation_and_scale_invariance.cpp文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-415237.html
修改test_features2d.cpp文件下的
#include “features2d/test/test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp”
#include “features2d/test/test_descriptors_regression.impl.hpp”
去掉目录，改成#include “test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp”
#include “test_descriptors_regression.impl.hpp”
修改test_rotation_and_scale_invariance.cpp文件下的
#include “features2d/test/test_detectors_invariance.impl.hpp”
#include “features2d/test/test_descriptors_invariance.impl.hpp”
去掉目录，改成#include “test_detectors_invariance.impl.hpp”
#include “test_descriptors_invariance.impl.hpp”
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