题目
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如图所示的地图着色问题共有多少个解?如果是四色有多少个解?如果只有两色呢?
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三色
依据MCV对节点排序,
SA NT Q NSW WA V T 1 ◯ \bigcirc ◯ × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × ◯ \bigcirc ◯ 2 ◯ \bigcirc ◯ × \times × ◯ \bigcirc ◯ × \times × × \times × 3 ◯ \bigcirc ◯ × \times × ◯ \bigcirc ◯ ◯ \bigcirc ◯ n = 3 × 2 × 3 = 18 n=3\times 2\times 3=18 n=3×2×3=18
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四色
SA NT Q NSW WA V T 1 ◯ \bigcirc ◯ × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × ◯ \bigcirc ◯ 2 ◯ \bigcirc ◯ × \times × ◯ \bigcirc ◯ × \times × × \times × 3 ◯ \bigcirc ◯ × \times × ◯ \bigcirc ◯ ◯ \bigcirc ◯ 4 n = 4 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 4 = 768 n=4\times 3\times 2\times 2\times 2\times 2\times 4=768 n=4×3×2×2×2×2×4=768
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二色
SA NT Q NSW WA V T 1 ◯ \bigcirc ◯ × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × ◯ \bigcirc ◯ 2 ◯ \bigcirc ◯ × \times × ◯ \bigcirc ◯ × \times × × \times × 无解
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考虑下述的逻辑问题:有5所不同颜色的房子,住着5个来自不同国家的人,每个人都喜欢一种不同牌子的糖果,不同牌子的饮料和不同的宠物。给定下列已知事实,请回答问题“斑马住在哪?哪所房子里的人喜欢喝水?
· 英国人住在红色房子里。
· 西班牙人养狗
· 挪威人住在最左边的第一所房子里
· 绿房子是象牙色房子的右边邻居
· 喜欢抽hershey牌巧克力的人住在养狐狸的人的旁边
· 住在黄色房子里的人喜欢Kit Kats糖果
· 挪威人住在蓝房子旁边
· 喜欢smarties糖果的人养了一只蜗牛
· 喜欢Snickers 糖果的人喝橘汁
· 乌克兰人喝茶
· 日本人喜欢Milky Ways糖果
· 喜欢Kit Kats糖果的人住在养马人的隔壁
· 住在中间房子里的人喜欢喝牛奶
· 绿房子的主人喝咖啡
把这个问题表示成CSP问题,并进行求解。
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变量:房屋的序号从左向右排
V = { v 1 , v 2 , v 3 , v 4 , v 5 } V=\{v_1,v_2,v_3,v_4,v_5\} V={v1,v2,v3,v4,v5} -
值域
D 1 = { r e d , g r e e n , i v o r y , y e l l o w , b l u e } D 2 = { B r i t i s h , S p a n i s h , N o r w a y , U k r a i n e , J a p a n e s e } D 3 = { h e r s h e y , k i t k a t s , s m a r t i e s , s n i c k e r s , m i l k y w a y s } D 4 = { o r a n g e , t e a , m i l k , c o f f e e , w a t e r } D 5 = { d o g , f o x , s n a i l , h o r s e , z e b r a } D_1=\{red, \ green,\ ivory,\ yellow,\ blue\} \\ D_2=\{British,\ Spanish, Norway,\ Ukraine,\ Japanese\} \\ D_3=\{hershey,\ kit\ kats,\ smarties,\ snickers,\ milky\ ways\} \\ D_4=\{orange,\ tea,\ milk,\ coffee,\ water\} \\ D_5=\{dog,\ fox,\ snail,\ horse,\ zebra\} D1={red, green, ivory, yellow, blue}D2={British, Spanish,Norway, Ukraine, Japanese}D3={hershey, kit kats, smarties, snickers, milky ways}D4={orange, tea, milk, coffee, water}D5={dog, fox, snail, horse, zebra} -
约束条件
a = b a=b a=b: a , b a,b a,b在同一个房间里
a < b a<b a<b: a a a在 b b b左邻的房间里
a > b a>b a>b: a a a在 b b b右邻的房间里
a ∈ v i a\in v_i a∈vi: a a a在房间 v i v_i vi里
B r i t i s h = r e d S p a n i s h = d o g N o r w a y ∈ v 1 g r e e n > i v o r y h e r s h e y < f o x ∣ ∣ h e r s h e y > f o x y e l l o w = k i t k a t s N o r w a y < b l u e ∣ ∣ N o r w a y > b l u e s m a r t i e s = s n a i l s n i c k e r s = o r a n g e U k r a i n e = t e a m i l k y w a y s = J a p a n e s e k i t k a t s < h o r s e ∣ ∣ k i t k a t s > h o r s e m i l k ∈ v 3 g r e e n = c o f f e e \begin{aligned} & British=red \\ & Spanish=dog\\ & Norway\in v_1\\ & green>ivory\\ & hershey<fox\ ||\ hershey>fox\\ & yellow=kit\ kats\\ & Norway<blue\ ||\ Norway>blue\\ & smarties=snail\\ & snickers=orange\\ & Ukraine=tea\\ & milky\ ways=Japanese\\ & kit\ kats<horse\ ||\ kit\ kats>horse\\ & milk\in v_3\\ & green=coffee\\ \end{aligned} British=redSpanish=dogNorway∈v1green>ivoryhershey<fox ∣∣ hershey>foxyellow=kit katsNorway<blue ∣∣ Norway>bluesmarties=snailsnickers=orangeUkraine=teamilky ways=Japanesekit kats<horse ∣∣ kit kats>horsemilk∈v3green=coffee
推理如下
v 1 v_1 v1 v 2 v_2 v2 v 3 v_3 v3 v 4 v_4 v4 v 5 v_5 v5 red × \times × × \times × 3 × \times × × \times × green × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × 5 ivory × \times × × \times × × \times × 4 × \times × yellow 1 × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × blue × \times × 2 × \times × × \times × × \times × British × \times × × \times × 3 × \times × × \times × Spanish × \times × × \times × × \times × 4 × \times × Norway 1 × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × Ukraine × \times × 2 × \times × × \times × × \times × Japanese × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × 5 hershey × \times × 2 × \times × × \times × × \times × kit kats 1 × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × smarties × \times × × \times × 3 × \times × × \times × snickers × \times × × \times × × \times × 4 × \times × milky ways × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × 5 orange × \times × × \times × × \times × 4 × \times × tea × \times × 2 × \times × × \times × × \times × milk × \times × × \times × 3 × \times × × \times × coffee × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × 5 water 1 × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × dog × \times × × \times × × \times × 4 × \times × fox 1 × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × snail × \times × × \times × 3 × \times × × \times × horse × \times × 2 × \times × × \times × × \times × zebra × \times × × \times × × \times × × \times × 5 最终结果为
V V V D 1 D_1 D1 D 2 D_2 D2 D 3 D_3 D3 D 4 D_4 D4 D 5 D_5 D5 1 yellow Norway kit kats water fox 2 blue Ukraine hershey tea horse 3 red British smarties milk snail 4 ivory Spanish snickers orange dog 5 green Japanese milky ways coffee zebra 斑马住在最右边的绿房子里,最左边的乌克兰人喜欢喝水。文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-417871.html
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| 4 | ivory | Spanish | snickers | orange | dog |
| 5 | green | Japanese | milky ways | coffee | zebra |文章来源:https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-417871.html
斑马住在最右边的绿房子里,最左边的乌克兰人喜欢喝水。
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