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一、题型

选择题 15*0.5
中英文词汇互译15*0.5
缩略语10*2
完形填空10*1
选词填空20**1
阅读理解10*1
句子和短文翻译6题=25分

二、选择题

【单选题】（）is a functional unit that interprets and carries out instructions.
A、memory B、processor C、storage D、network
【单选题】（） consists of the symbols, characters, and usage rules that permit people to communicate with computer.
A、programming language B、network C、keyboardD、display
【单选题】（） software, also called end-user program, includes database programs, word processors,spreadshects,etc…
A、Application B、SystemC、CompilerD、Utility
【单选题】 In （） ,the only element that can be deleted or removed is the one that was inserted most recently.
A、a line B、a qucue C、an array D、a stack
【单选题】 Most （） measures involve data encryption and password.
A、securityB、hardwareC、displayD、program
【单选题】( )An error can be caused by attempting to divide by 0.
A、Interrup tB、Default C、Underflow D、Overflow
【单选题】The process of identifying and correcting errors in a program.( )
A、Debug B、Bug C、Fault D、Default
【单选题】A collection of related information, organized for easy retrieval.( )
A、Data B、Database C、Buffer D、Stack
【单选题】A location where data can be temporarily stored.( )
A、Area B、Disk C、Buffer D、File
【单选题】A graphical bar with buttons that perform some of the most common commands.( )
A、Title bar B、Tool bar C、Status bar D、Scroll bar
【单选题】Every valid character in a computer that uses even must always have an even number oflbits.( )
A、parity B、check C、test D、compare
【单选题】【慉选慊】The maximum number of data that can be expressed by 8 bits is( )
A、64 B、128 C、255 D、256
【单选题】Integration is the process of verifying that the components of a system work together as described in the program design and system design specifications.( )
A、trying B、checking C、testing D、coding
【单选题】GIF files are limited to a maximum of 8 bits/pixel, it simply means that no more than 256 colors are allowed in( )
A、an image B、a file C、a window D、a page
【单选题】Computer is a complex consisting of two or more connected computing units, it is used for the purpose of data communication and resource sharing.( )
A、storage B、device C、network D、processor
【单选题】( )is a device that converts images to digital format.
A、Copier B、Printer C、Scanner D、Display
【单选题】T In C language, a( ) is a series of characters enclosed in double quotes.
A、matrix B、string C、program D、stream
【单选题】( )are those programs that help find the information you are trying to locate on the WWW.
A、Windows B、Search Engines C、Web Sites D、Web Pages
【单选题】In C language, ( )are used to create variables and are grouped at the top of a program block.
A、declarations B、dimensions C、comments D、descriptions
【单选题】An ( )statement can perform a calculation and store the result in a variable so that it can be used later.
A、executable B、input C、output D、assignment
【单选题】Each program module is compiled separately and the resulting ( )files are linked together to make an executable application.
A、assembler B、source C、library D、object
【单选题】( ) is he conscious effort to make all jobs similar, routine,and interchangeable
A、WWW. B、Informatization C、computerization D、Standardization
【单选题】A Web( )is one of many software application that function as the interfaces between a user and the Internet.
A、display B、browser C、window D、view
【单选题】Firewall is a( ) mechanism used by organization to protect their LANs from the internet.
A、reliable B、stable C、peaceful D、security
【单选题】A query is used to search through the database to locate a particular record or records, which conform to specified( )
A、criteria B、standards C、methods D、conditions
( )processing offers many ways to edit text and establish document formats. You can easily insert, delete, change, move and copy words or blocks of text.
A、Data B、Database C、Word D、File
"Scrolling” is a technique most commonly associated with ( )
A、disk B、display C、printer D、memory
A sequence of any number of characters enclosed in the double quotes is called a character ( )
A、array B、group C、set D、string
【单选题】 In C language, when an array name is passed to a function, what is passed is the( ) of the beginning of the array
A、data B、value C、location D、element
In C language, the result of the logical ( ) operator is I if the value of its operand is 0, and0 if the value of its operand is non-zero.
A、AND B、NOT C、OR D、EOR
A floating constant consists of an integer part, a decimal point, a fraction part, an e or E, and an optionally signed integer ( )
A、exponent B、order C、superfluous D、superior
The ( ) is a temporary storage area that you can use to copy or move selected text or object among applications.
A、cache B、pool C、buffer D、clipboard
（）means “Any HTML document on a HTTP Server”.
A、Web server B、Web page C、Web browser D、Web site
The term “_ program” means a program written in high-level language.
A、compiler B、executable C、source D、object
Very long, complex expressions in program are difficult to _ write correctly and difficult to_.
A、defend B、detect C、default D、debug
In C language, functions are important because they provide a way to _ code so that a large complex program can be written by combining many smaller parts.
A、modify B、modularize C、block D、board
The standard _in C language contain many useful functions for input and output ,string handling, mathematical computations, and system programming tasks.
A、database B、files C、libraries D、subroutine
In_ programming, the user determines the sequence of instructions to be executed, not the programmer.
A、top-down B、structure C、data-driven D、event-driven
_is a clickable string or graphic that points to another Web page or document.
A、Link B、Anchor C、Browser D、Hyperlink
One solution to major security problem_ is which are frequently installed to fix known security holes.
A、patches B、compensation C、complements D、additions
A programmer must know about a function’s _to call it correctly.
A、location B、algorithm C、interface D、statements
On a _memory system, the logical memory space available to the program is totally independent of the physical memory space.
A、cache B、virtual C、RAM D、ROM
____ is a sequence of letters and digits, the first character must be a letter.
A、An identifier B、A string C、An array D、Program
The error messages given by a C compiler show the message text, the most common cause of the error, and a suggestion for _______the error.
A、updating B、fixing C、changing D、editing
A ________ is a feature of the system or a description of something the system is capable of doing in order to fulfill the system’s purpose.
A、plan B、requirement C、document D、design
_______ is a set of specifications and software that allow small programs or software components to work together.
A、ActiveX B、XML C、HTML D、DBMS
100BASE-TX makes use of two pairs of twisted pair cable, one pair used for transmission and t other for________.
A、reception B、detection C、relation D、connection
A typical peripheral device has ________registers, which the processor uses to select the device’s internal registers.
A、data B、a control C、a signal D、an address
Each instruction is processed sequentially, and several instructions are at varying stages of execution in the processor at any given time, this is called instruction __________.
A、executing B、sequencing C、pipelining D、producing
Which one of these statements about connecting to the Internet is true?
A、The Internet can only be used to link computers with same operating system
B、The Internet can be used to connect computers with different ISP
C、You must have a modem to connect to the Internet
D、You must have a telephone line to connect to the Internet
Insufficient ______can cause a processor to work at 50% or even more below its performance potential.
A、mouse B、I/O C、document D、memory
The_______ in E-mail messages has affected almost every computer around the world and has caused the damage of up to US$1 billion in North America.
A、illness B、virus C、weakness D、attachment
One of the basic rules of computer security is to change your ________regularly.
A、name B、computer C、device D、password
One of the greatest features of a home_________ is the ability to share one Internet connection simultaneously over two or more computers.
A、computer B、device C、network D、work
The usual address for a Web site is the page address, although you can enter_________.
A、home B、main C、host D、house

处理器是解释和执行指令的功能单元。 B
编程语言由允许人们与计算机通信的符号、字符和使用规则组成。A
应用程序软件，也叫最终用户程序，包括数据库程序、文字处理器、电子表格等。A
在堆栈中，唯一可以删除或移除的元素是最近插入的元素。D
大多数安全性措施涉及数据加密和密码。 A
尝试除以0可能会导致溢出错误。 D
识别和纠正程序中错误的过程。调试 A
为便于检索而组织的相关信息集合。()。数据库 B
可以临时存储数据的位置。() 缓冲 C
一个带有按钮的图形栏，用于执行一些最常用的命令。( ）工具栏 B
在使用偶数的计算机中，每个有效字符必须总是有偶数位。( ）奇偶A
8位可以表示的最大数据数是() C
集成是验证系统组件按照程序设计和系统设计规范中描述的那样协同工作的过程。( ）测试 C
GIF文件被限制为最多8位/像素，这仅仅意味着()中不允许超过256种颜色。 A
计算机是由两个或多个连接的计算单元组成的综合体，用于数据通信和资源共享。( ）网络C
扫描仪是一种将图像转换为数字格式的设备。扫描仪C
在C语言中，字符串是用双引号括起来的一系列字符。B
是那些帮助你在WWW上找到你想找的信息的程序。搜索引擎 B
在C语言中，()用于创建变量，并在程序块的顶部分组。A、声明
()语句可以执行计算并将结果存储在变量中，以便以后使用。D、赋值
每个程序模块分别编译，生成的文件链接在一起形成一个可执行的应用程序。D、对象
标准化是他有意识地努力使所有的工作都相似、常规和可互换 D
Web()是作为用户和Internet之间接口的许多软件应用程序之一。浏览器B
防火墙是组织用来保护其局域网免受互联网攻击的一种机制。
平 D、安全
查询用于在数据库中进行搜索，以查找符合指定的()的特定记录或记录。D、条件
文字处理提供了多种编辑文本和建立文档格式的方法。您可以轻松地插入、删除、更改、移动和复制文字或文本块。 C
滚动是一种最常见的与显示相关的技术显示B
用双引号括起来的任意数目的字符序列称为字符串 D
在C语言中，当数组名传递给函数时，传递的是数组开头的元素。 D
在C语言中，如果逻辑NOT运算符的操作数的值为0，则运算符的结果为1;如果其操作数的值非零，则运算符的结果为0。B
浮点常数由整数部分、小数点、分数部分、e或e以及可选的带符号整数指数组成 A 指数
()是一个临时存储区域，可用于在应用程序之间复制或移动选定的文本或对象 D剪贴板
网页指的是“HTTP服务器上的任何HTML文档”。B网页
术语“_程序”是指用高级语言编写的程序。C源代码
程序中很长、很复杂的表达式很难正确地写出来，也很难去写。 D调试
在C语言中，函数很重要，因为它们提供了一种简化代码的方法，这样就可以通过组合许多较小的部分来编写大型复杂程序。 B模块化
标准的_in C语言包含许多有用的函数，用于输入和输出、字符串处理、数学计算和系统编程任务。C库
在编程中，用户决定执行指令的顺序，而不是程序员。D事件驱动的
是指向另一个网页或文档的可点击字符串或图形。D超链接
主要安全问题的一个解决方案_是经常安装以修复已知的安全漏洞。A，补丁
程序员必须知道函数的_s才能正确调用它。C、接口
在虚拟内存系统中，程序可用的逻辑内存空间完全独立于物理内存空间。 B虚拟
____为字母和数字的组合，首字符必须为字母。A一个标识符
C编译器给出的错误消息显示了消息文本、最常见的错误原因以及_______错误的建议。B、修正
________是系统的一个特征，或者是系统为了实现系统的目的而能够做的事情的描述。B，需求
_______是一组允许小程序或软件组件一起工作的规范和软件。A、ActiveX
100BASE-TX使用两对双绞线电缆，一对用于传输，另一对用于________。A、接收
一个典型的外围设备有________寄存器，处理器用它来选择设备的内部寄存器。D、地址
每条指令都是按顺序处理的，在任何给定的时间，处理器中都有几个指令处于不同的执行阶段，这称为指令__________。C、流水线
关于连接到互联网，下列哪个说法是正确的? Internet可以用来连接不同ISP的计算机 B
_____不足会导致处理器的工作效率低于其性能潜力的50%甚至更多。D,内存
电子邮件中的_______几乎影响了世界各地的每台电脑，并在北美造成了高达10亿美元的损失。B、virus
计算机安全的基本规则之一是定期更换您的________。D、密码
家庭_________最大的特点之一是能够同时在两台或多台计算机上共享一个互联网连接。C、网络
Web站点的通常地址是页面地址，不过您也可以输入_________。C、主机

四、完形填空

【完型填空】
Software design is a 1 process requires a certain 2 of flair on the part of the designer. Design cannot be learned from a book. It must be practiced and learnt by experience and study of existing systems A well 3 software system is straightforward to implement and maintain, easily 4 and reliable Badly （3） software system. although they may work, are 5 to be expensive to maintain, difficult to test and unreliable.
(1)A 、createB 、createdC 、creatingD 、creative
(2)A 、amountB 、amountedC 、mountD 、mounted
(3)A 、designB 、designedC 、designingD 、designs
(4)A 、understandB 、 understandsC 、understandingD 、understood
(5)A 、likeB 、likelyC 、unlikeD 、unlikely

软件设计是一个需要设计师一定的天赋的过程。设计不能从书本上学到。它必须通过经验和对现有系统的研究来实践和学习。一个好的软件系统是一个易于实现和维护，容易和可靠的软件系统。虽然它们可以工作，但维护成本高，难以测试，而且不可靠。
正确答案： (1) D(2) A(3) B(4) D(5) B

【完型填空】
An instruction is made up of operations that 1 the function to be performed and operands that represent the data to be operated on. For example, if an instruction is to perform the operation of 2 two numbers, it must know 3 the two numbers are. The processor’s job is to 4 instructions and operands from memory and to perform each operation. Having done that, it signals memory to send it 5 instruction.
(1)A 、skipB 、smileC 、smokeD 、specify
(2)A 、addB 、addedC 、addingD 、addition
(3)A 、whenB 、whereC 、whichD 、who
(4)A 、getB 、makeC 、pushD 、put
(5)A 、antB 、lastC 、nextD 、second
一条指令由要执行的函数的操作和表示要操作的数据的操作数组成。例如，如果一条指令要执行两个数字的运算，它必须知道这两个数字是3。处理器的工作是从存储器中提取指令和操作数，并执行每一个操作。完成后，它向内存发送5条指令。
正确答案： (1) D(2) C(3) B(4) A(5) C

Software quality assurance is now an 1 sub-discipline of software engineering. As Buckly and Oston point out, 2 software quality assurance is likely to lead to an ultimate 3 of software costs. However, the major hurdle in the path of software management in this area is the lack of 4 software standards. The development of accepted and generally applicable standards should be one of the principal goals of 5 in software engineering.
(1)A 、emerging B 、emergentC 、engaging D 、evolve
(2)A 、effectiveB 、effortlessC 、lightD 、week
(3)A 、balanceB 、growth C 、productionD 、reduction
(4)A 、usableB 、usageC 、useless D 、useness
(5)A 、 managementB 、 planning C 、productionD 、 research

软件质量保证现在是软件工程的一个子学科。正如Buckly和Oston指出的那样，软件质量保证很可能导致软件成本的最终增加。然而，这一领域软件管理道路上的主要障碍是缺乏4个软件标准。开发公认的和普遍适用的标准应该是软件工程中5的主要目标之一。
正确答案： (1) A(2) A(3) B(4) A(5) D

Because Web servers are platform and application 1 , they can send or request data from legacy or external applications including databases. All replies, once converted into 2 mark-up languages, can then be transmitted to a 3 . Used in this wav Intranets can 4 lower desktop support costs, easy links with legacy applications and databases and, 5 all, ease of use.
(1)A 、coupled B 、dependent C 、independentD 、related
(2)A 、 ciphertext B 、hypertextC 、plaintext D 、supertext
(3)A 、browser B 、repeaterC 、routerD 、server
(4)A 、offB 、offerC 、office D 、officer
(5)A 、abort B 、aboutC 、aboveD 、around

由于Web服务器既是平台又是应用程序，因此它们可以从遗留或外部应用程序(包括数据库)发送或请求数据。所有的回复，一旦被转换成2种标记语言，就可以传送到3种。在这种情况下使用内部网可以降低桌面支持成本，方便地与遗留应用程序和数据库进行链接，而且，最重要的是，易于使用。
正确答案： (1) C(2) B(3) A(4) B(5) C

五、选词填空

Unit1

speed device other considered exists

hardware effective operate moving designer

A buffer is a data area shared by (1) devices or program processes that (2) at different speeds or with different sets of priorities. The buffer allows each (3) or process to operate without being held up by the (4) .In order for a buffer to be (5) ,the size of the buffer and the algorithms for (6) data into and out of the buffer need to be (7) by the buffer (8) . Like a cache, a buffer is a “midpoint holding place” but (9) not so much to accelerate the (10) of an activity as to support the coordination of separate activities.

缓冲区是由硬件设备或程序进程共享的数据区域，这些设备或程序进程以不同的速度或具有不同的优先级集运行。缓冲区允许每个设备或进程运行，而不会被另一个设备或进程阻碍。为了使缓冲区有效，缓冲区设计者需要考虑缓冲区的大小以及将数据移入和移出缓冲区的算法。与缓存一样，缓冲区是一个“中点保持点”，但与其说是为了加快活动的速度，不如说是为了支持单独活动的协调。
正确答案：

第一空：
hardware

第二空：
operate

第三空：
device

第四空：
other

第五空：
effective

第六空：
moving

第七空：
considered

第八空：
designer

第九空：
exists

第十空：
speed

Unit2

Customers directory related emphasis accessible
Method fields implies mainframe information

In data processing, using an office metaphor, a file is a ____collection of records. Forexample, you might put the records you have on each of your____in a file. In turn, each record would consist of ____for individual data items, such as customer name, customer number,customer address, and so forth. By providing the same ____in the same fields in cach record (sothat all records are consistent), your file will be easily ____for analysis and manipulation by a computer program. This use of the term has become somewhat less important with the advent of the database and its____on the table as a way of collecting record and field data. In ____systems, the term data set is generally synonymous with file but a specific form of organization recognized by a particular access-Depending on the operating system, files(and dats eete) are eantained within a patalon____tor Folder

在数据处理中，使用办公室的比喻，文件是相关的记录集合。例如，您可以将每个客户的记录放在一个文件中。反过来，每条记录将由单个数据项的字段组成，如客户名称、客户编号、客户地址等。通过在cach记录中的相同字段中提供相同的信息（因此所有记录都是一致的），您的文件将很容易被计算机程序访问以进行分析和操作。随着数据库的出现，以及它对表作为收集记录和字段数据的一种方式的重视，这个术语的使用变得不那么重要了。在大型机系统中，术语“数据集”通常与文件同义，但意味着通过特定访问方法识别的特定组织形式。根据操作系统的不同，文件（和数据集）保存在patalon目录或Folder中。
正确答案：

第一空：
related
第二空：
customers
第三空：
fields
第四空：
information
第五空：
accessible
第六空：
emphasis
第七空：
mainframe
第八空：
implies
第九空：
method
第十空：
directory

Unit3

Graphical through applications defined interact
boot command use loaded requests

An operating system (sometimes abbreviated as “OS") is the program that, after being initially
____into the computer by a ____program, manages all the other programs in a computer. The other programs are called____or application programs. The application programs make ____of the operating system by making ____for services through a ____application program interface (API). In addition, users can____directly with the operating system ____a user interface such as a____language or a ____user interface (GUI).

操作系统（有时缩写为“OS”）是在最初由引导程序加载到计算机中后管理计算机中所有其他程序的程序。其他程序称为应用程序或应用程序。应用程序通过定义的应用程序接口（API）发出服务请求来利用操作系统。此外，用户可以通过用户界面（如命令语言或图形用户界面（GUI））直接与操作系统交互。
正确答案：

第一空：
loaded
第二空：
boot
第三空：
applications
第四空：
use
第五空：
requests
第六空：
defined
第七空：
interact
第八空：
through
第九空：
command
第十空：
graphical

Unit4

Records leaves beyond two power
depth random database nodes end

A binary tree is a method of placing and locating files (called records or keys) in a ,especially when all the data is known to be in ____ access memory (RAM). The algorithm finds data by repeatedly dividing the number of ultimately accessible ____ in half until only one remains.
In a tree, records are stored in locations called. This name derives from the fact that records always exist at ____ points; there is nothing ____ them. Branch points are called ____.The order of a tree is the number of branches (called children) per node. In a binary tree, there are always ____ children per node ,so the order is 2. The number of leaves in a binary tree
is always a ____ of 2. The number of access operations required to reach the desired record is called the ____ of the tree.

二叉树是一种在数据库中放置和定位文件（称为记录或键）的方法，尤其是当已知所有数据都在随机存取存储器（RAM）中时。该算法通过将最终可访问的记录数反复分成两半来查找数据，直到只剩下一个记录。在树中，记录存储在称为叶子的位置。此名称源自记录始终存在于端点的事实;没有任何东西超越他们。分支点称为节点。树的顺序是每个节点的分支（称为子节点）的数量。在二叉树中，每个节点总是有两个子节点，所以顺序是2。二叉树中的叶子数量始终是 2 的幂。到达所需记录所需的访问操作数称为树的深度。
正确答案：

第一空：
database

第二空：
random

第三空：
records

第四空：
leaves

第五空：
end

第六空：
beyond

第七空：
nodes

第八空：
two

第九空：
power

第十空：
depth

Unit6

reorganized collection types distributed network
accessed updated classes relational organizational

A database is a ____ of information that is organized so that it can easily be ____ managed, and ____. In one view, databases can be classified according to ____ of content :bibliographic ,full-text, numeric ,and images.
In computing, databases are sometimes classified according to their ____
approach. The most prevalent approach is the ____ database, a tabular database in which data is defined so that can be ____ and accessed in a number of different ways. A ____ database is one that can dispersed or replicated among different points in a ____ .An object-oriented programming database is one that is congruent with the data defined in object ____ and subclasses.

数据库是经过组织的信息集合，以便可以轻松访问、管理和更新。在一个视图中，数据库可以根据内容类型进行分类：书目、全文、数字和图像。在计算中，数据库有时根据其组织方法进行分类。最流行的方法是关系数据库，这是一种表格数据库，其中定义了数据，以便可以通过多种不同的方式重新组织和访问数据。分布式数据库是可以在网络中不同点之间分散或复制的数据库。面向对象的编程数据库是与对象类和子类中定义的数据一致的数据库。

正确答案：

第一空：
collection

第二空：
accessed

第三空：
updated

第四空：
types

第五空：
organizational

第六空：
relational

第七空：
reorganized

第八空：
distributed

第九空：
network

第十空：
classes

Unit8

expressed transfer bandwidth bottleneck bytes modem point sustain slower communications

In computer networks, ____ is often used as a synonym for data ____ rate-the amount of data that can be carried from one____ to another in a given time period (usually a second). This kind of bandwidth is usually____ in bits (of data) per second (bps) .Occasionally, It’s expressed as ____per second (bit/s). A modem that works at 57 600 bit/s has twice bandwidth of a ____ that works at 28 800 bit/s. In general, a link with a high bandwidth is that may be able to carry enough information to ____ the succession of images in a video presentation.
It should be remembered that a real ____ path usually consists of a succession of links each with its own bandwidth. If one of these is much
____ than the rest it is said to be a bandwidth ____.

在计算机网络中，带宽通常用作数据传输速率的同义词 - 在给定时间段（通常是一秒钟）内可以从一个点传输到另一个点的数据量。这种带宽通常以每秒（数据）位（bps）表示。有时，它表示为每秒字节数（位/秒）。工作速度为 57 600 位/秒的调制解调器的带宽是工作速度为 28 800 位/秒的调制解调器的两倍带宽。通常，具有高带宽的链接可能能够携带足够的信息来维持视频演示中图像的连续性。应该记住，真正的通信路径通常由一系列链路组成，每个链路都有自己的带宽。如果其中一个比其他的慢得多，则称为带宽瓶颈。
正确答案：

第一空：
bandwidth

第二空：
transfer

第三空：
point

第四空：
expressed

第五空：
bytes

第六空：

modem

第七空：
sustain

第八空：
communications

第九空：
slower

第十空：
bottleneck

Unit10

receive page forth back Hypertext
standard request confirmation fills processed

The common gateway interface (CGI) is a ____ way for a Web server to pass a Web user’s ____ to an application program and to ____ data back to forward to the user. When the user requests a Web ____ (for example, by clicking on a highlighted word or entering a Web site address),the server sends____ the requested page. However, when a user out a form on a Web page and sends it in, it usually needs to be____by an application program The Web server typically passes the form information to a small application program that processes the data and may send back a____message. This method or convention for passing data back and between the server and the application is called the common gateway interface(CGI).It is part of the Web’s ____Transfer Protocol(HTTP).

公共网关接口（CGI）是 Web 服务器将 Web 用户的请求传递给应用程序并将数据接收回以转发给用户的标准方法。当用户请求网页（例如，通过单击突出显示的单词或输入网站地址）时，服务器会发回请求的页面。但是，当用户在网页上填写表单并将其发送时，通常需要由应用程序进行处理 Web 服务器通常将表单信息传递给处理数据的小型应用程序，并可能发回确认消息。这种在服务器和应用程序之间来回传递数据的方法或约定称为公共网关接口（CGI）。它是Web的超文本传输协议（HTTP）的一部分。

正确答案：

第一空：
standard

第二空：
request

第三空：
receive

第四空：
page

第五空：
back

第六空：
fills

第七空：
processed

第八空：
confirmation

第九空：
forth

第十空：
Hypertext

Unit11

confused challenge cracker security media
breaches proficient technical licenses weaknesses

The term hacker is used in popular ____ to describe someone who attempts to break into computer systems. Typically, this kind of hacker would be a ____ programmer or engineer with sufficient ____ knowledge to understand the weak points in a ____ system.
A ____ is someone who breaks into someone else’s computer system, often on a network; bypasses passwords or ____ in computer programs; or in other ways intentionally ____ computer security. A cracker can be doing this for profit, maliciously, for some altruistic purpose or cause, or because the ____ is there. Some breaking-and-entering has been done ostensibly to point out ____ in a site’s security system.
The term “cracker" is not to be ____ with “hacker”. Hackers generally deplore cracking. However, as Eric Raymond, compiler of The New Hacker’s Dictionary notes, some journalists ascribe break-ins to “hackers”.

黑客一词在流行媒体中用于描述试图闯入计算机系统的人。通常，这类黑客将是熟练的程序员或工程师，具有足够的技术知识来了解安全系统中的弱点。破解者是闯入他人计算机系统的人，通常是在网络上;绕过计算机程序中的密码或许可证;或以其他方式故意破坏计算机安全。破解者这样做可能是为了利润，恶意，出于某种利他的目的或原因，或者因为挑战存在。一些破门而入的操作表面上是为了指出网站安全系统的弱点。术语“破解者”不应与“黑客”混淆。黑客通常对破解感到遗憾。然而，正如《新黑客词典》的编纂者埃里克·雷蒙德（Eric Raymond）所指出的那样，一些记者将闯入归咎于“黑客”。
正确答案：

第一空：
media

第二空：
proficient

第三空：
technical

第四空：
security

第五空：
cracker

第六空：
licenses

第七空：
breaches

第八空：
challenge

第九空：
weaknesses

第十空：
confused

Unit13

analyzing knowledge objects features clarify
automate imagine element complexity algorithms

Deep learning is a type of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) that imitates the way humans gain certain types of knowledge. Deep learning is an important ____ of data science, which includes statistics and predictive modeling. It is extremely beneficial to data scientists who are asked with collecting, ____ and interpreting large amounts of data. Deep learning makes this process faster and easier.
At its simplest, deep learning can be thought of as a way to ____ predictive analytics. While traditional machine learning ____ are linear, deep learning algorithms are stacked in a hierarchy of increasing ____ and abstraction.
To understand deep learning, ____ a toddler whose first word is dog. The toddler learns what a dog is and is not by pointing to ____ and saying the word dog. The parent says, “Yes, that is a dog,” or, “No, that is not a dog. "As the toddler continues to point to objects, he becomes more aware of the ____ that all dogs possess. What the toddler does, without knowing it, is to ____ a complex abstraction— the concept of dog —by building a hierarchy in which each level of abstraction is created with ____ that was gained from the preceding layer of the hierarchy.

深度学习是一种机器学习（ML）和人工智能（AI），它模仿人类获取某些类型知识的方式。深度学习是数据科学的重要组成部分，包括统计和预测建模。对于被要求收集、分析和解释大量数据的数据科学家来说，这是非常有益的。深度学习使这个过程更快、更容易。简单来说，深度学习可以被认为是一种自动化预测分析的方法。虽然传统的机器学习算法是线性的，但深度学习算法堆叠在一个越来越复杂和抽象的层次结构中。为了理解深度学习，想象一个蹒跚学步的孩子，他的第一个词是狗。幼儿通过指着物体并说出狗这个词来了解狗是什么和不是什么。父母说，“是的，那是一只狗，”或者，“不，那不是狗。当幼儿继续指向物体时，他会更加意识到所有物体的功能…

正确答案：

第一空：
element

第二空：
analyzing

第三空：
automate

第四空：
algorithms

第五空：
complexity

第六空：
imagine

第七空：
objects

第八空：
features

第九空：
clarify

第十空：
knowledge

Unit15

update media reduced meaningful challenge
multiple data recent messages explosion
Volume

We currently see the exponential growth in the data storage as the data is now more than text da We can find data in the format of videos , musics and large images on our social (1) channels.is very common to have Terabytes and Petabytes of the storage system for enterprises. As the database grows the applications and architecture built to support the (2) needs to be reevaluated quite often. Sometimes the same data is reevaluated with multiple angles and even though the original data the same the new found intelligence creates (3) of the data. The big volume indeed represents Big Data.
Velocity
The data growth and social media explosion have changed how we look at the data. There was time when we used to believe that data of yesterday is (4) . The matter of the fact newspapers is till following that logic. However, news channels and radios have changed how fast we receive the news. Today, people reply on social media to (5) them with the latest happening. On social media sometimes a few seconds old messages (a tweet, status updates etc.) are not something interests users. They often discard old ____(6) and pay attention to recent updates. The data movement is now almost real time and the update window has (7) to fractions of the seconds. This high velocity data represent Big Data.
Variety
Data can be stored in (8) format. For example database, excel, csv, access or for the matter of the fact, it can be stored in a simple text file. Sometimes the data is not even in the traditional format is we assume, it may be in the form of video, SMS, pdf or something we might have not thought about. It is the need of the organization to arrange it and make it (9) . It will be easy to do so if we have data in the same format, however it is not the case most of the time. The real world have data in many different formats and that is the (10) we need to overcome with the Big Data. This variety of the data represent Big Data.

我们目前看到数据存储呈指数级增长，因为数据现在不仅仅是文本 da 我们可以在社交媒体上找到视频、音乐和大图像格式的数据 channels.is 企业拥有 TB 和 PB 的存储系统非常常见。随着数据库的增长，需要经常重新评估为支持数据而构建的应用程序和体系结构。有时，相同的数据会从多个角度重新评估，即使原始数据相同，新发现的智能也会造成数据的爆炸。大体积确实代表了大数据。速度数据增长和社交媒体爆炸改变了我们看待数据的方式。曾经有一段时间，我们曾经相信昨天的数据是最近的。事实上，报纸的问题直到遵循这个逻辑。然而，新闻频道和广播改变了我们接收新闻的速度。今天，人们在社交媒体上回复，向他们更新最新动态。关于社交我…

正确答案：

第一空：
media

第二空：
data

第三空：
explosion

第四空：
recent

第五空：
update

第六空：

messages

第七空：
reduced

第八空：
multiple

第九空：
meaningful

第十空：
challenge

七、句子和短文翻译

27.[中英文短文互译]He went to town with the purpose of buying a new computer.
正确答案：他进城的目的是买一台新计算机。
28.[中英文短文互译]Most online services have their own browsers.
正确答案：大多数在线服务都有自己的浏览器
29.[中英文短文互译]Floppy disk may be double-density or high-density.
正确答案：软盘可以是双倍密度的或者高密度的。
30.[中英文短文互译]The formula then includes the addresses of the cells.
正确答案：公式包括单元的地址。
31.[中英文短文互译] C might best be described as a “medium level language”.
正确答案： C语言也许最适宜被称为“中级语言”。
132.[中英文短文互译]Every browser has the built-in ability to understand HTML.
正确答案：每一个浏览器都有内置的功能来理解HTML
33.[中英文短文互译]C is one of the most popular computer languages in the world.
正确答案： C语言是世界上最流行的计算机语言之一。
34.[中英文短文互译]Java technology is both a programming language and a platform.
正确答案： Java技术既是一种编程语言，也是一个平台。
35.[中英文短文互译]In fact, a window manager can be thought of as a GUI for a CLI OS.
正确答案：实际上，一个视窗管理器可以被看作是命令行操作系统的图形用户界面。
36.[中英文短文互译]A database management system handles user requests for database action.
正确答案：数据库管理系统处理用户对数据库的操作请求。

第二单元
32.[中英文短文互译]Machine language consists of the raw numbers that can be directly
understood by a particular processor.
正确答案：机器语言由一些能被特殊处理器所理解的未加工的数字组成。
33.[中英文短文互译]The actual effect of any particular virus depends on how it was programmed
by the person who wrote the virus.
正确答案：任何一个特别病毒的实际效果取决于编写该病毒的程序员是如何编程的。
34.[中英文短文互译]An anti-virus program that hasn’t been updated for several months will not
provide much protection against current viruses.
正确答案：几个月不升级的抗病毒软件面对当前的病毒不能提供什么保护。
35.[中英文短文互译]Memory is typically measured in kilobytes or megabytes, and disk space is
typically measured in megabytes or gigabytes.
正确答案：一般地说,内存以千字节或兆字节来度量,磁盘空间以兆字节或吉字节来度量。
36.[中英文短文互译]The hypertext transfer protocol is the native protocol of browsers and is most typically used to transfer HTML formatted files
正确答案：超文本传输协议是浏览器自己的协议,一般用于传递HTML格式的文件。
337.[中英文短文互译]LAN is the extent of network which connects computers that are physically close together, typically within a single room or building.
正确答案：局域网是一个由相互接近的、特别是在一个房间内或一个建筑内的计算机连接起来的网络。
38.[中英文短文互译]For mobile users, firewalls allow remote access into the private network by
the use of secure logon procedures and authentication certificates.
正确答案：对于移动用户来说,防火墙允许通过使用安全登录规程和鉴定证书来远程访问私有网络。
39.[中英文短文互译]From the Internet users’ point of view, to download a file is to request it from another computer (or from a Web page on another computer) and to receive it
正确答案：从因特网用户的观点看,下载文件是从另一个计算机(或从另一个计算机的网页)上请求它并接收它。
40.[中英文短文互译]After the Soviet launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957, the US military set up the Advanced Research Projects Agency to fund research in things sometimes only vaguely related to military matters.
正确答案：在1957年苏联发射了人造地球卫星之后,美国军事部门开始建立高级研究计划署(ARPA)以资助一些有时与军事含糊地相关的研究。
41. [中英文短文互译]Often a chip set will fit on one chip.
正确答案：通常一个芯片组被集成在一个芯片上。

第三单元
22【中英文短文互译】It loads the operating system into memory and allows it to begin operation.
我的答案：它把操作系统装入内存并启动操作系统。
23【中英文短文互译】On the computer, there are two basic types of items that need to be
organized.
我的答案：在计算机上,有两种基本项目需要组织。
24【中英文短文互译】Fonts are used by computer for on-screen display and printers for hard
copy output.
我的答案：字体可以用于计算机屏幕显示和打印机的硬拷贝输出。
25【中英文短文互译】Optical fiber is thin filaments of glass through which light beams are
transmitted.
我的答案：光纤是一个可以传输光束的玻璃细丝。
26【中英文短文互译】When you type things on the keyboard, the letters and numbers show up
on the monitor.
我的答案：当你在键盘上输入时,这些字符和数字就出现在监视器上。
56
27【中英文短文互译】An intranet is a private network. There are many intranets scattered all
over the world.
我的答案：内联网是私有网络。许多内联网分散在世界各地。
28【中英文短文互译】On the computer screen, a folder most often looks like a yellow or blue
paper file folder.
我的答案：在计算机屏幕上,文件夹通常看上去像黄色或蓝色的纸文件夹。
29【中英文短文互译】Once you’ve encoded your source content, the process of creating streaming
media is complete
我的答案：一旦完成源内容的编码,制作流媒体的过程就完成了。
30【中英文短文互译】Syntactically, a domain name consists of a sequence of names(labels)
separated by periods (dots)
我的答案：从语法结构上说,一个域名包括用圆点隔开一系列名称(标志)。
31【中英文短文互译】The quality of video you see on your monitor depends on both the video
card and the monitor you choose.
我的答案：你在显示器上看到的视频质量取决于视频卡和你所选择的显示器。

第四单元
20【中英文短文互译】Star topologies are normally implemented using twisted pair cable,
specifically unshielded twisted pair (UTP).
我的答案：星型拓扑通常由双绞线实现,特别是非屏蔽双绞线。
21【中英文短文互译】A video card is the part of your computer that transforms video data into
the visual display you seen your monitor.
我的答案：视频卡是计算机的一部分,它把视频数据转换成你在显示器上能看到的可视信息。
22【中英文短文互译】A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take advantage
of the computer’s resources simultaneously.
我的答案：多用户操作系统允许不同的用户同时利用计算机资源。
23【中英文短文互译】Address is the unique location of an information site on the Internet, a
specific file (for example, a Web page), or an E-mail user.
我的答案：地址是因特网上信息网站、一个特定文件(如网页)或一个电子邮件用户的唯一位置。
24【中英文短文互译】Over the years, ARPA has funded many projects in computer science
research, many of which had a profound effect on the state of the art.
我的答案：多年来,ARPA已经在计算机科学研究方面资助了许多项目,其中很多都对现代工艺水平有深远的影响。25【中英文短文互译】In truth of course by making the creation of more complex software practical, computer languages have merely created new types of software bugs.
我的答案：当然实际上,随着更复杂软件应用的出现,计算机语言只不过又产生了软件故障的新类型。
26【中英文短文互译】A computer virus is a program designed to spread itself by first infecting
executable files or the stem areas of hard and floppy disks and then making copies of itself.
我的答案：计算机病毒是一个程序,当首次感染可执行文件或硬盘和软盘的系统区域后开始传播自己并制作自己的拷贝。
27【中英文短文互译】When the entire RAM is being used (for example if there are many programs open at the same time)e computer will swap data to the hard drive and back to give the impression that there is slightly memory.
我的答案：当所有RAM都被使用了(如许多程序同时打开),计算机就把数据交换到硬盘上,给用户的印象是好像还有些内存。
28【中英文短文互译】The compiler ignores all comments.
我的答案：编译程序忽略全部注释。
29【中英文短文互译】You can E-mail your document without ever leaving word.
我的答案：你不用离开Word就可以用电子邮件发送你的文档。

第六单元
22【中英文短文互译】A laptop is a microcomputer small enough to use on one’s lap.
我的答案：便携式电脑(膝上型电脑)是微型计算机,小得足以放在膝盖上使用。
23【中英文短文互译】Formulas are entered in the worksheet cell and mast begin with an equal
sign “=”.
我的答案：公式被输入在电子表格的单元格中并必须以等号“=”开头。
24【中英文短文互译】principal types of printers include dot-matrix, daisy wheel, inkjet, and laser.
我的答案：打印机的主要类型有:点阵式、菊瓣轮式、喷墨式和激光打印式
25【中英文短文互译】ARPANET made possible collaborations between people who were
thousands of miles apart.
我的答案：阿帕网可以使相隔数千英里的人合作。
26【中英文短文互译】The hypertext markup language is the language most frequently used to
express Web pages.
我的答案：阿帕网可以使相隔数千英里的人合作。
27【中英文短文互译】The elements of a record represent different types of information and are
accessed by name.
我的答案：记录元素代表不同类型的信息,可以通过名字访问。
28【中英文短文互译】In computing and computer applications, matrices are used to arrange set
of data in table form.
我的答案：在数值计算和计算机应用中,矩阵用于组织表格形式的数据。
29【中英文短文互译】On the Internet, a node or stopping point can be cither a gateway node or
a host (end-point) node.
我的答案：在因特网中,一个节点或一个止点都可以是网关节点或主(端点)节点。
30【中英文短文互译】A counterrotating ring is a ring topology that consists of wo rings
transmitting in opposite directions.
我的答案：反向环是由两个相反方向的环构成的环型拓扑。
41【中英文短文互译】In the simplest networks, a switch is not required for messages that are
sent and received within the network.
我的答案：在最简单的网络中,无须用交换机来发送和接收网内的消息。

第八单元
21【中英文短文互译】A brouter is a network bridge combined with a router.
我的答案：桥式路由器是结合了路由器的网桥。
22【中英文短文互译】Nothing epitomizes modern life better than the computer.
我的答案：没有什么能比计算机更好地体现现代生活。
23【中英文短文互译】The BIOS determines whether the video card is operational.
我的答案：BIOS测定显卡是否可以使用。
24【中英文短文互译】What are the advantages and disadvantages of a ring topology?
我的答案： BIOS测定显卡是否可以使用。
25【中英文短文互译】 A network typically means a group of computers working together.
我的答案：网络一般是指一组计算机共同工作。
26【中英文短文互译】Ideally, you should back up your entire system on a regular basis.
我的答案：网络一般是指一组计算机共同工作。
27【中英文短文互译】A bus topology connects each computer (node) to a single segment trunk.
我的答案：总线型拓扑把每个计算机(节点)连接到一个单段干线。
28【中英文短文互译】In general, higher-level languages can be either interpreted or compiled.
我的答案：通常高级语言都可以被解释或编译。
29【中英文短文互译】A firewall is a set of related programs located at a network gateway server.
我的答案：防火墙是网络网关服务器上的一组相关程序。
30【中英文短文互译】After the formula is typed into the cell, the calculation executes immediately.
我的答案：防火墙是网络网关服务器上的一组相关程序。

第十单元
12【中英文短文互译】Bus is an electrical connection between the components of a computer
system along which the signals or power is transmitted.
我的答案：总线是计算机系统部件之间的电路,沿着它可以传输信号和电能。
13【中英文短文互译】Faster than many types of parallel port, a single USB port is capable of
chaining many devices without the need of a terminator.
我的答案：由于单个的USB接口比许多并口速度快,它可以连接许多设备而无须端接设备。
14【中英文短文互译】A hypertext document is like a text document with the ability to contain
pointers to other regions of(possibly other) hypertext documents.
我的答案：一个超文本文档就像一个文本文档,但它包含有到超文本文档的其他区域(也可能是其他超文本文档)的指针。
15【中英文短文互译】Some drives have random access (like disk drives, zip drives. CD-ROMs, and
DVD-ROMs), while others only have sequential access (like tape drives).
我的答案：某些驱动器(如磁盘驱动器、zip驱动器、CD-ROM及DVD-ROM)可以随机访问,但另外一些(如磁带驱动器)则只能顺序访问。
16【中英文短文互译】Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a standard used by World Wide Web servers
to provide rules for moving text ,images, sound. video, and other multimedia files across the
Internet.
我的答案：超文本传输协议是万维网服务器所用的标准,它提供在因特网上传输文本、图像、声音、视频和其他多媒体文件的规则。
17【中英文短文互译】A modem modulates outgoing digital signals from a computer or other
digital device to analog signals over a conventional telephone line and demodulates the incoming
analog signal and converts in to a digital signal for the digital device (computer).
我的答案：调制解调器调制计算机输出的数字信号或其他设备通过电话线传来的模拟信号,并把输入的模拟信号解调为数字设备(如计算机)所用的数字信号。
18【中英文短文互译】New viruses come out every single day.
我的答案：新的计算机病毒每隔几天就会到来。
19【中英文短文互译】Try to keep your file names to 20-30 characters.
我的答案：尽量使文件名保持在20~30个字符。
20【中英文短文互译】Each hub is wired in the typical star configuration.
我的答案：尽量使文件名保持在20~30个字符。
21【中英文短文互译】To run these objects, just enter the name of the file.
我的答案：尽量使文件名保持在20~30个字符。

第十一单元
12【中英文短文互译】Tape must be read or written sequentially, not randomly.
我的答案：磁带必须顺序读写,不能随机读写。
13【中英文短文互译】The data we have collected is not enough to be convincing.
我的答案：我们所收集的数据还不足以令人信服。
14【中英文短文互译】A gateway is often associated with both a router and a switch.
我的答案：网关也往往与路由器和交换机相关。
15【中英文短文互译】All computer data can ultimately be reduced to a series of bits.
我的答案：所有的计算机数据都可以最后简化成一系列的位。
16【中英文短文互译】The computer chip is primarily responsible for executing instructions.
我的答案：计算机芯片主要负责执行指令。
17【中英文短文互译】None of the projects had such a profound effect as the ARPANET project.
我的答案：没有任何一个其他项目像阿帕网项目这样影响深远。
18【中英文短文互译】Mixed referencing can also be used where only the row or column is fixed.
我的答案：当只有行或列固定时,可以使用混合引用。
19【中英文短文互译】Dialogue Box is a box which appears on screen ,inviting input from the user.
我的答案：对话框是出现在屏幕上的框,让用户进行输入。
20【中英文短文互译】LISP is a programming language well suited to, and well used by AI
researchers.
我的答案： LISP是适合人工智能的编程语言,也是被人工智能研究者用得很好的编程语言。
21【中英文短文互译】Some people classify languages into two categories, higher-level and lowerlevel.
我的答案：有些人把语言分为以下两种:高级语言和低级语言。

十三单元
17【中英文短文互译】Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language
processing, speech recognition and machine vision.
我的答案：人工智能的具体应用包括专家系统、自然语言处理、语音识别和机器视觉。
1618【中英文短文互译】Artificial super intelligence (ASI) is a software-based system with intellectual powers beyond those of humans across an almost comprehensive range of categories and fields of endeavor.
我的答案：人工智能的具体应用包括专家系统、自然语言处理、语音识别和机器视觉。
19【中英文短文互译】Machine learning algorithms use historical data as input to predict new
output values.
我的答案：机器学习算法使用历史数据作为输入来预测新的输出值。
20【中英文短文互译】There are four basic approaches: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised leaning and reinforcement learning.
我的答案：有四种基本方法:监督学习、无监督学习、半监督学习和强化学习。
21【中英文短文互译】Deep learning techniques enable this automatic learning through the
absorption of huge amounts of unstructured data such as text, images, or video.
我的答案：深度学习技术通过吸收大量非结构化数据(如文本、图像或视频)来实现这种自动学习。
22【中英文短文互译】The goals of artificial intelligence include learning, reasoning, and
perception.
我的答案：人工智能的目标包括学习、推理和感知。
23【中英文短文互译】When most people hear the term artificial intelligence, the first thing they
usually think of is robots.
我的答案：当大多数人听到人工智能这个词时,他们通常首先想到的就是机器人。
24【中英文短文互译】The applications of artificial intelligence are endless.
我的答案：人工智能的应用层出不穷。
25【中英文短文互译】Other examples of machines with artificial intelligence include computers
that play chess and self-driving cars.
我的答案：具有人工智能的机器的其他例子包括下棋的计算机和自动驾驶汽车。
26【中英文短文互译】AI is continuously evolving to benefit many different industries.
我的答案：人工智能不断发展,使许多不同的行业受益。

十五单元
2【中英文短文互译】I hope that this talk has given you some insights into the kind of the work
that we’ve been doing.
我的答案：希望这次谈话能使你对我们正在开展的工作有一些较深入的了解。
3【中英文短文互译】The new systems have been optimized for running Microsoft Windows.
我的答案：已经对这些新系统进行了优化设置,以便运行微软视窗。
4【中英文短文互译】These designs demonstrate her unerring eye for colour and detail.
我的答案：已经对这些新系统进行了优化设置,以便运行微软视窗。
5【中英文短文互译】Let me make this clear: A bar chart is not analytics.
我的答案：我们必须明白: 一张条形图不是数据分析。
186【中英文短文互译】A good dictionary will give us the connotation of a word as well as its
denotation.
我的答案：一本好字典不仅要告诉我们一个字的字面意义,同时还要告诉我们该字的言外之意。
7【中英文短文互译】The latest lifestyle trend is downshifting.
我的答案：最新的生活方式趋于放慢生活节奏。
8【中英文短文互译】 The end of an era presupposes the start of another.
我的答案：一个时代的结束意味着另一个时代的开始。
9 【中英文短文互译】You cannot combine structured and unstructured exception handling in the same function.
我的答案：在同一函数内,不能混用结构化和非结构化异常处理。
10【中英文短文互译】Finally, the practical application shows the feasibility and veracity of this
approach.
我的答案：最后通过实例证明了该方法的可行性和准确性。
11【中英文短文互译】The viability of multilayer switches depends on the protocol supported.
我的答案：多层交换机的生命力依赖于所支持的协议。
12【中英文短文互译】
Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the
Internet. These services are broadly divided into three categories: Infrastructure-as-a-Service
(Haas), Platform-as-a-Service (Pa5) and Software as a. Service (SaaS). The name cloud computing
was inspired by the cloud symbol that’s often used to represent the Internet in flowcharts and
diagrams.
A cloud service has three distinct characteristics that differentiate it from traditional hosting. It is
sold on demand, typically by he minute or the hour it is elastic — a user can have as much or as
little of a service as they want at any given time, and the service is filly managed by the provider
(the consumer needs nothing but. a personal computer and Internet access). Significant
innovations virtualization and distributed computing,as well as improved access to high-peed
Internet and a weak economy, have accelerated inters in loud computing.
我的答案：云计算是对通过互联网提供托管服务的总称。这些服务大致分为三类:基础设施即服务(IaaS)、平台即服务(PaaS)和软件即服务(SaaS)。云计算名称的灵感来自于云的符号,在流程图和图表中该符号通常用来代表互联网。
与传统托管不同,云服务有三个明显特点。云计算是按需(通常按分钟或小时)销售的;有一定的弹性——用户可以在给定的任何时间内得到他们所需要的服务;这些服务完全由提供者来管理(客户只需一台个人电脑并将其接入因特网)。由于虚拟化和分布式计算中的重大创新以及高速互联网和疲软的经济因素,人们对云计算的兴趣越来越浓。文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-420697.html