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涨点技巧：注意力机制---Yolov8引入CBAM、GAM、Resnet_CBAM

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 1.计算机视觉中的注意力机制

一般来说，注意力机制通常被分为以下基本四大类：

通道注意力 Channel Attention

空间注意力机制 Spatial Attention

时间注意力机制 Temporal Attention

分支注意力机制 Branch Attention

1.1.CBAM：通道注意力和空间注意力的集成者

轻量级的卷积注意力模块，它结合了通道和空间的注意力机制模块

论文题目：《CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Module》
论文地址：  https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.06521.pdf

涨点技巧：注意力机制---Yolov8引入CBAM、GAM、Resnet_CBAM

上图可以看到，CBAM包含CAM（Channel Attention Module）和SAM（Spartial Attention Module）两个子模块，分别进行通道和空间上的Attention。这样不只能够节约参数和计算力，并且保证了其能够做为即插即用的模块集成到现有的网络架构中去。

1.2 GAM：Global Attention Mechanism

超越CBAM，全新注意力GAM：不计成本提高精度！
论文题目：Global Attention Mechanism: Retain Information to Enhance Channel-Spatial Interactions
论文地址：https://paperswithcode.com/paper/global-attention-mechanism-retain-information

从整体上可以看出，GAM和CBAM注意力机制还是比较相似的，同样是使用了通道注意力机制和空间注意力机制。但是不同的是对通道注意力和空间注意力的处理。
涨点技巧：注意力机制---Yolov8引入CBAM、GAM、Resnet_CBAM​

1.3 ResBlock_CBAM

CBAM结构其实就是将通道注意力信息核空间注意力信息在一个block结构中进行运用。

涨点技巧：注意力机制---Yolov8引入CBAM、GAM、Resnet_CBAM​

在resnet中实现cbam：即在原始block和残差结构连接前，依次通过channel attention和spatial attention即可。

1.4性能评价

涨点技巧：注意力机制---Yolov8引入CBAM、GAM、Resnet_CBAM​

 2.Yolov8加入CBAM、GAM

涨点技巧：注意力机制---Yolov8引入CBAM、GAM、Resnet_CBAM​

2.1 CBAM加入modules.py中（相当于yolov5中的common.py）

class ChannelAttention(nn.Module):
    # Channel-attention module https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection/tree/v3.0.0rc1/configs/rtmdet
    def __init__(self, channels: int) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
        self.fc = nn.Conv2d(channels, channels, 1, 1, 0, bias=True)
        self.act = nn.Sigmoid()

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        return x * self.act(self.fc(self.pool(x)))


class SpatialAttention(nn.Module):
    # Spatial-attention module
    def __init__(self, kernel_size=7):
        super().__init__()
        assert kernel_size in (3, 7), 'kernel size must be 3 or 7'
        padding = 3 if kernel_size == 7 else 1
        self.cv1 = nn.Conv2d(2, 1, kernel_size, padding=padding, bias=False)
        self.act = nn.Sigmoid()

    def forward(self, x):
        return x * self.act(self.cv1(torch.cat([torch.mean(x, 1, keepdim=True), torch.max(x, 1, keepdim=True)[0]], 1)))


class CBAM(nn.Module):
    # Convolutional Block Attention Module
    def __init__(self, c1, kernel_size=7):  # ch_in, kernels
        super().__init__()
        self.channel_attention = ChannelAttention(c1)
        self.spatial_attention = SpatialAttention(kernel_size)

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.spatial_attention(self.channel_attention(x))

2.2 GAM_Attention加入modules.py中：

def channel_shuffle(x, groups=2):  ##shuffle channel
    # RESHAPE----->transpose------->Flatten
    B, C, H, W = x.size()
    out = x.view(B, groups, C // groups, H, W).permute(0, 2, 1, 3, 4).contiguous()
    out = out.view(B, C, H, W)
    return out

class GAM_Attention(nn.Module):
    # https://paperswithcode.com/paper/global-attention-mechanism-retain-information
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, group=True, rate=4):
        super(GAM_Attention, self).__init__()

        self.channel_attention = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(c1, int(c1 / rate)),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Linear(int(c1 / rate), c1)
        )

        self.spatial_attention = nn.Sequential(

            nn.Conv2d(c1, c1 // rate, kernel_size=7, padding=3, groups=rate) if group else nn.Conv2d(c1, int(c1 / rate),
                                                                                                     kernel_size=7,
                                                                                                     padding=3),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(int(c1 / rate)),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(c1 // rate, c2, kernel_size=7, padding=3, groups=rate) if group else nn.Conv2d(int(c1 / rate), c2,
                                                                                                     kernel_size=7,
                                                                                                     padding=3),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        b, c, h, w = x.shape
        x_permute = x.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).view(b, -1, c)
        x_att_permute = self.channel_attention(x_permute).view(b, h, w, c)
        x_channel_att = x_att_permute.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
        # x_channel_att=channel_shuffle(x_channel_att,4) #last shuffle
        x = x * x_channel_att

        x_spatial_att = self.spatial_attention(x).sigmoid()
        x_spatial_att = channel_shuffle(x_spatial_att, 4)  # last shuffle
        out = x * x_spatial_att
        # out=channel_shuffle(out,4) #last shuffle
        return out

2.3 CBAM、GAM_Attention、ResBlock_CBAM加入tasks.py中（相当于yolov5中的yolo.py）

from ultralytics.nn.modules import (C1, C2, C3, C3TR, SPP, SPPF, Bottleneck, BottleneckCSP, C2f, C3Ghost, C3x, Classify,
                                    Concat, Conv, ConvTranspose, Detect, DWConv, DWConvTranspose2d, Ensemble, Focus,
                                    GhostBottleneck, GhostConv, Segment,CBAM, GAM_Attention , ResBlock_CBAM)

def parse_model(d, ch, verbose=True):函数中

 if m in (Classify, Conv, ConvTranspose, GhostConv, Bottleneck, GhostBottleneck, SPP, SPPF, DWConv, Focus,
                 BottleneckCSP, C1, C2, C2f, C3, C3TR, C3Ghost, nn.ConvTranspose2d, DWConvTranspose2d, C3x , CBAM , GAM_Attention ,ResBlock_CBAM):

2.4 CBAM、GAM修改对应yaml

2.4.1 CBAM加入yolov8

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, GPL-3.0 license
# YOLOv8 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolov8n.yaml' will call yolov8.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.33, 0.25, 1024]  # YOLOv8n summary: 225 layers,  3157200 parameters,  3157184 gradients,   8.9 GFLOPs
  s: [0.33, 0.50, 1024]  # YOLOv8s summary: 225 layers, 11166560 parameters, 11166544 gradients,  28.8 GFLOPs
  m: [0.67, 0.75, 768]   # YOLOv8m summary: 295 layers, 25902640 parameters, 25902624 gradients,  79.3 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512]   # YOLOv8l summary: 365 layers, 43691520 parameters, 43691504 gradients, 165.7 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.25, 512]   # YOLOv8x summary: 365 layers, 68229648 parameters, 68229632 gradients, 258.5 GFLOPs

# YOLOv8.0n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]]  # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]]  # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [128, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]  # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [256, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]  # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]]  # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]]  # 9

# YOLOv8.0n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 12
  - [-1, 1, CBAM, [512]]

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [256]]  # 16 (P3/8-small)
  - [-1, 1, CBAM, [256]]

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 20 (P4/16-medium)
  - [-1, 1, CBAM, [512]]

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 9], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P5
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024]]  # 24 (P5/32-large)
  - [-1, 1, CBAM, [1024]]

  - [[17, 21, 25], 1, Detect, [nc]]  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

2.4.2 GAM加入yolov8

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, GPL-3.0 license
# YOLOv8 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect

# Parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolov8n.yaml' will call yolov8.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.33, 0.25, 1024]  # YOLOv8n summary: 225 layers,  3157200 parameters,  3157184 gradients,   8.9 GFLOPs
  s: [0.33, 0.50, 1024]  # YOLOv8s summary: 225 layers, 11166560 parameters, 11166544 gradients,  28.8 GFLOPs
  m: [0.67, 0.75, 768]   # YOLOv8m summary: 295 layers, 25902640 parameters, 25902624 gradients,  79.3 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512]   # YOLOv8l summary: 365 layers, 43691520 parameters, 43691504 gradients, 165.7 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.25, 512]   # YOLOv8x summary: 365 layers, 68229648 parameters, 68229632 gradients, 258.5 GFLOPs

# YOLOv8.0n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]]  # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]]  # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [128, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]  # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [256, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]  # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 6, C2f, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]]  # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]]  # 9

# YOLOv8.0n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 12
  - [-1, 1, GAM_Attention, [512,512]]

  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [256]]  # 16 (P3/8-small)
  - [-1, 1, GAM_Attention, [256,256]]

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P4
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [512]]  # 20 (P4/16-medium)
  - [-1, 1, GAM_Attention, [512,512]]

  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 9], 1, Concat, [1]]  # cat head P5
  - [-1, 3, C2f, [1024]]  # 24 (P5/32-large)
  - [-1, 1, GAM_Attention, [1024,1024]]

  - [[17, 21, 25], 1, Detect, [nc]]  # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

2.4.3  ResBlock_CBAM加入yolov8

https://cv2023.blog.csdn.net/article/details/130974331文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-442294.html

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