一、RIPV2协议简介
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) 路由协议是一种相对古老,在小型以及同介质网络中得到了广泛应用的一种路由协议。RIP 采用距离向量算法,是一种距离向量协议。RIP-1是有类别路由协议(Classful Routing Protocol),它只支持以广播方式发布协议报文。RIP-1的协议报文无法携带掩码信息,它只能识别A、B、C类这样的自然网段的路由,因此RIP-1不支持非连续子网(Discontiguous Subnet)。RIP-2是一种无类别路由协议(Classless Routing Protocol),支持路由标记,在路由策略中可根据路由标记对路由进行灵活的控制。报文中携带掩码信息,支持路由聚合和CIDR(Classless Inter-Domain Routing,无类域间路由)。
二、RIPV2路由协议实践
1、实验环境说明
博文实验环境采用GNS3模拟器搭建RIPV2网络实验环境,三层交换机使用3640,iso系统版本为c3640-jk9o3s-mz.124-10a.bin。
2、拓扑图
如下图所示,我们使用4台三层交换机模拟RIP企业网,每台路由器下联一个局域网网段,路由器至少有两条链路与其他路由器互联。使用四台PC模拟四个局域网的终端,IP地址段分别为192.168.x.0/24。路由器之间互联地址为了简化记忆,方便配置,博主采用了12.12.12.0/24的样式,最后1位路由器ID,实际网络中互联地址常采用/30地址段进行互联。
文章来源:https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-463220.html
3、网络配置
- 路由器1配置
conf t
ip routing
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
full-duplex
no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
full-duplex
no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/2
ip address 14.14.14.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
full-duplex
!
router rip
version 2
redistribute connected
network 12.12.12.0
network 14.14.14.0
no auto-summary
!
end
wr
- 路由器2配置
conf t
ip routing
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
full-duplex
no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
full-duplex
no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/2
ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
full-duplex
no shutdown
!
router rip
version 2
redistribute connected
network 12.12.12.0
network 23.23.23.0
no auto-summary
!
end
wr
- 路由器3配置
conf t
ip routing
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
full-duplex
no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
full-duplex
no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/2
ip address 34.34.34.3 255.255.255.0
full-duplex
no shutdown
!
router rip
version 2
redistribute connected
network 23.23.23.0
network 34.23.23.0
no auto-summary
!
end
wr
- 路由器4配置
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
full-duplex
no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 14.14.14.4 255.255.255.0
half-duplex
no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/2
ip address 34.34.34.4 255.255.255.0
full-duplex
no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/3
no ip address
shutdown
full-duplex
!
router rip
version 2
redistribute connected
network 14.14.14.0
network 34.34.34.0
no auto-summary
!
end
wr
4、协议实践验证
- 网络通断性验证
在PC1上ping验证,通过如上的简单配置就可以实现PC1到PC2、PC3、PC4各主机的访问。我们只使用了RIP动态路由协议,没有配置任何的静态路由就实现了各网段之间的联通。
- 链路中断测试
我们检查192.168.4.10路由是从14.14.14.4学到的;关闭e0/2端口后,我们马上检查路由发现已经没有192.168.4.10的路由;过大约15-30秒后再次检查路由发现已经从12.12.12.2学到了192.168.4.0/24网段的路由
R1#show ip route 192.168.4.10
Routing entry for 192.168.4.0/24
Known via "rip", distance 120, metric 1
Redistributing via rip
Last update from 14.14.14.4 on Ethernet0/2, 00:00:18 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 14.14.14.4, from 14.14.14.4, 00:00:18 ago, via Ethernet0/2
Route metric is 1, traffic share count is 1
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int e0/2
R1(config-if)#shut
R1(config-if)#end
R1#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]
R1#
*Mar 1 10:50:26.633: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip ro
*Mar 1 10:50:32.797: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Ethernet0/2, changed state to administratively down
*Mar 1 10:50:33.797: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/2, changed state to down
R1#show ip route 192.168.4.10
% Network not in table
R1#show ip route 192.168.4.10
Routing entry for 192.168.4.0/24
Known via "rip", distance 120, metric 3
Redistributing via rip
Last update from 12.12.12.2 on Ethernet0/1, 00:00:13 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 12.12.12.2, from 12.12.12.2, 00:00:13 ago, via Ethernet0/1
Route metric is 3, traffic share count is 1
- trace路由跟踪
通过trace路由跟踪我们可以看到PC1访问PC4的包访问路径是PC1-R1-R2-R3-R4-PC4。我们并没有重新配置路由,但是网络已经自动收敛后通了,这就是动态路由的好处。
- RIPV2配置检查
R1#show ip rip database
R1#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is “rip”文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-463220.html
三、总结
- RIPV2协议是一种距离矢量协议,一般只适用于小型局域网
- 以组播地址224.0.0.9发送更新。
- RIPv2支持VLSM,更新发送时携带掩码信息。也只能以主类方式通告。
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