利用WSL2搭建Qemu仿真Vexpress-a9开发环境

开发环境搭建

最近想熟悉下Linux开发方面的知识，由于不想安装个虚拟机，便想着利用windows自身带的linux子系统，跑qemu模拟ARM vexpress-a9开发板，过程是逐渐摸索的，参考了网上不少文章，算是做下总结吧！
本身电脑是多年前的win10 64位，性能更不上，不想安装太多软件，WSL2可以在Mircosoft Store上直接搜索ubuntu，安装即可。另外可以同时下载个Windows Terminal作为命令行终端使用。

更新软件源

国内的源更新软件更快，更新/etc/apt/sources.list文件中软件源，可以参考修改Ubuntu的源列表。

更新之后执行apt update，系统会联网查找/etc/apt/sources.list中对应的packages/source/release列表文件，下载或更新，并保存到/var/lib/apt/lists目录。

apt install下载到本地并安装，/var/lib/dpkg/available包含软件源中所有软件信息，/var/cache/apy/archives为apt install安装包的临时存放路径

uboot-tools安装

利用 dpkg -l u-boot-tools命令或 dpkg -L u-boot-tools命令查看uboot-tools是否安装，没安装的话，执行下面命令：

sudo apt install u-boot-tools

交叉编译环境安装

ABI(Application Binary Interface)for ARM Architecture 二进制应用程序接口，EABI：嵌入式ABI

apt install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi
apt install g++-arm-linux-gnueabi # 嵌入式c++开发时需要

arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -v # 查看版本号

arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -o hello main.c # 编译
readelf -h hello  # 查看ELF文件格式

qemu安装

有两种方法可以在Linux环境下安装Qemu工具，直接安装或下载源码安装，源码安装的好处是qemu比较新，支持的开发板更多，Vexpress-a9是很老的板子了，所以选择直接安装。

sudo apt install qemu-system-arm # 只安装了arm版本的

qemu-system-arm --version # 查看版本号
qemu-img -V # 同上查看qemu版本
qemu-system-arm -M help   # 可以查看QEMU支持的ARM平台的开发板的型号

# qemu的发展导致qemu需要分几个包来安装，按需安装。
# 以mips虚拟机为例
# 1.如果需要系统级别的虚拟机，就是sudo apt-get install qemu-system-mips
# 2.如果需要进程级别的虚拟机，就是sudo apt-get install qemu-user
# 3.如果需要qemu的一些工具比如qemu-img，就是sudo apt-get install qemu-utils


# qemu退出的两种方法
# 在另一个终端中输入 killall qemu-system-arm
# 在 qemu 中 输入ctrl+a 抬起后，再输入’x’。
ps -a # 用ps指令找到qemu-system-arm的进程号，然后通过kill -9来停止虚拟机。
kill xxx

# cat kill_qemu.sh
#! /bin/sh
ps -a | grep qemu-system-arm | awk '{print $1}' | xargs sudo kill -9

# 查看缺失的库，ldd qemu-system-cskyv2

# 停止虚拟机 在Ubuntu另一个终端窗口中，通过killall指令来停止。
killall qemu-system-arm

另外，Qemu源码编译安装可参考Qemu搭建ARM vexpress开发环境，具体主要下面几步：

1. 安装依赖包，zlib1g-dev，libglib2.0 libglib2.0-dev，libsdl1.2-dev，libpixman-1-dev libfdt-dev
2. 下载源码，git-qemu-project.org 或 https://download.qemu.org/
3. 编译配置，./configure --target-list=arm-softmmu --audio-drv-list=
4. 编译安装，make； make install

编译linux镜像和DBT文件

下载linux内核：https://www.kernel.org/，并解压，下载的版本为linux-5.10.148，解压命令如下。

// tar 解包
// tar [选项] 压缩包
tar -zxvf tmp.tar.gz -C /tmp // #解压缩与解打包".tar.gz"格式到/tmp/目录下，其他格式不要-z
-x 对tar包做解打包操作。
-f 指定要解压的 tar 包的包名。
-C 目录	指定解打包位置。
-v 显示解打包的具体过程。
-t 只查看tar包中有哪些文件或目录，不对tar包做解打包操作。

下面就是编译了，/kernel/linux-5.10.148# vim Makefile打开Makefile，添加ARCH=ARM CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-，
之后编译配置内核、模块、dbt文件：

make vexpress_defconfig
make ZImage
make modules
make dtbs

# 得到编译文件：
# arch/arm/boot/zImage
# arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb

当然也可以不修改Makefile，类似下面的命令，编译时指定ARCH CROSS_COMPILE：

make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- zImage -j4

编译时可能会出现gcc找不到问题，apt install gcc安装ubuntu环境的gcc即可。

也可能出现找不到bison/flex的情况，按照指示安装对应软件即可。

启动qemu仿真kernel

qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 128M -kernel arch/arm/boot/ZImage -dtb arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb -nographic -append "console=ttyAMA0"

# 这里注意文件的路径，是在linux-5.10.148源码目录执行的。
# -M vexpress-a9 模拟vexpress-a9单板，你能够使用-M ?參数来获取该qemu版本号支持的全部单板
# -m 128M 单板执行物理内存128M
# -kernel arch/arm/boot/zImage 告诉qemu单板执行内核镜像路径
# -dtb arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb  告诉qemu单板的设备树（必须加入）
# -nographic 不使用图形化界面，仅仅使用串口
# -append "console=ttyAMA0" 内核启动參数。这里告诉内核vexpress单板执行。串口设备是哪个tty。

为了使用方便，可以将qemu命令放到shell脚本中执行。

内核成功启动，运行到最后出错是因为没有挂载根文件系统。

busybox制作根文件系统

Busybox下载，https://busybox.net/downloads/，并解压，下载的busybox版本为busybox-1.35.0。
之后配置编译项，修改Makefile，添加ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-，

配置：make defconfig ; make menuconfig
编译：make
安装：make install

当然，也可以在编译时制定编译选项的方式编译：

# make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- menuconfig # 配置
# make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- # 编译
# make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- install # 安装

# 直接使用CONFIG_PREFIX指定安装目录：
# make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- CONFIG_PREFIX=/.../rootfs/ install

制作rootfs

• 新建rootfs文件夹

  /home/# mkdir rootfs
  
  # 将busybox编译生成的_install目录下的文件全部拷贝到根文件系统目标rootfs/目录
  /home/rootfs# cp -r /mnt/e/linux/kernel/busybox-1.35.0/_install/* .
  # 也可以在指定busybox的安装目录直接安装
  # make CONFIG_PREFIX=/home/rootfs/ install
  
  # 添加glibc库
  # cp /.../busybox-1.29.3/_install/* rootfs/ -rfd
  /home/rootfs# mkdir lib
  /home/rootfs# cp -p /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/* lib
  

• 静态创建设备文件

  # 制作节点：
  /home/rootfs/dev# mknod -m 666 tty1 c 4 1
  /home/rootfs/dev# mknod -m 666 tty2 c 4 2
  /home/rootfs/dev# mknod -m 666 tty3 c 4 3
  /home/rootfs/dev# mknod -m 666 tty4 c 4 4
  /home/rootfs/dev# mknod -m 666 console c 5 1
  /home/rootfs/dev# mknod -m 666 null c 1 3
  /home/rootfs/dev# ls
  console  null  tty1  tty2  tty3  tty4
  
  /home/rootfs# cp /mnt/e/linux/kernel/etc . -arf
  /home/rootfs# ls
  bin  dev  etc  lib  linuxrc  sbin  usr
  
  

• 制作SD卡文件系统镜像并将rootfs烧写到SD卡

  # 生成镜像：
  /home# dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfs.ext3 bs=1M count=64
  # 格式化为ext3：共64M，注意必须大于rootfs文件夹的大小。建议用ext4，u-boot基本命令不支持ext3
  /home# mkfs.ext3 rootfs.ext3
  # 将各种文件拷贝到文件系统镜像中：命令用mount -t ext3 rootfs.ext3 /mnt/ -o loop也可以。
  /home# ls
  rootfs  rootfs.ext3  tftpboot  tmpfs
  /home# mount -t ext3 rootfs.ext3 tmpfs/ -o loop
  /home# ls tmpfs/
  lost+found
  /home# cp -r rootfs/* tmpfs/
  # 执行umount后
  /home# umount tmpfs
  
  ## 如制作的SD镜像只有32M会出出现空间不足的错误，因为rootfs文件夹有52M。
  /home# dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfs.ext3 bs=1M count=32
  32+0 records in
  32+0 records out
  33554432 bytes (34 MB, 32 MiB) copied, 0.0333199 s, 1.0 GB/s
  /home# mkfs.ext3 rootfs.ext3
  /home# ls
  rootfs  rootfs.ext3  tmpfs
  /home# mount -t ext3 rootfs.ext3 tmpfs/ -o loop
  /home# ls tmpfs/
  lost+found
  /home# cp -r rootfs/* tmpfs/
  cp: error writing 'tmpfs/lib/libc.a': No space left on device
  cp: error writing 'tmpfs/lib/libc.so': No space left on device
  cp: error writing 'tmpfs/lib/libc.so.6': No space left on device
  cp: error writing 'tmpfs/lib/libc_nonshared.a': No space left on device
  

• 启动
  输入如下命令，启动后可以看到内核运行起来了，

  /mnt/e/linux/kernel/linux-5.10.148# qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -kernel arch/arm/boot/ZImage -dtb arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb -nographic -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0 rw console=ttyAMA0" -sd /home/rootfs.ext3
  
  

其中上面进入打印的welcome to A9 vexpress board，是在制作rootfs时，加入了/etc/init.d/rcS文件，记着修改该文件的可执行权限# chmod (a+x) /etc/init.d/rcS，文件内容可以自己写,如：echo "welcome to A9 vexpress board" 。系统启动后会执行etc下的启动配置文件。

使用u-boot启动kernel

下载编译u-boot

• 下载地址：https://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/

• 修改编译Makefile，config.mk

  /mnt/e/linux/kernel/u-boot-2022.10-rc5# vim Makefile
  # 修改CROSS_COMPILE配置如下
  CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
  /mnt/e/linux/kernel/u-boot-2022.10-rc5# vim config.mk
  # 修改ARCH配置如下
  ARCH=arm
  
  # 当然你也可以不修改这些，make时直接指定参数，如下面这样的方式编译
  # make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig
  # make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- -j4
  

• 配置：make vexpress

  /mnt/e/linux/kernel/u-boot-2022.10-rc5/configs# ls vexpress* -l
  -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1165 Sep 20 00:17 vexpress_aemv8a_juno_defconfig
  -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  965 Sep 20 00:17 vexpress_aemv8a_semi_defconfig
  -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  554 Sep 20 00:17 vexpress_aemv8r_defconfig
  -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1520 Sep 20 00:17 vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig
  /mnt/e/linux/kernel/u-boot-2022.10-rc5/configs# cd ../
  /mnt/e/linux/kernel/u-boot-2022.10-rc5# make vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig
  

• 编译

  /mnt/e/linux/kernel/u-boot-2022.10-rc5# make -j4
  
  # 编译成功之后目录中会生成u-boot、 u-boot.bin 等文件
  

• 测试u-boot

  /mnt/e/linux/kernel/u-boot-2022.10-rc5# qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -kernel u-boot -nographic
  
  ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
  ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
  ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
  ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
  ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
  ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
  ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
  ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
  alsa: Could not initialize DAC
  alsa: Failed to open `default':
  alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
  ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
  ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
  ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
  ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
  ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
  ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
  ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
  ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
  alsa: Could not initialize DAC
  alsa: Failed to open `default':
  alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
  audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
  
  U-Boot 2022.10-rc5 (Dec 03 2022 - 21:15:27 +0800)
  
  DRAM:  512 MiB
  WARNING: Caches not enabled
  Core:  18 devices, 10 uclasses, devicetree: embed
  Flash: 64 MiB
  MMC:   mmci@5000: 0
  Loading Environment from Flash... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
  
  In:    serial
  Out:   serial
  Err:   serial
  Net:   eth0: ethernet@3,02000000
  Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
  MMC Device 1 not found
  no mmc device at slot 1
  Card did not respond to voltage select! : -110
  smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
  smc911x: phy initialized
  smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
  BOOTP broadcast 1
  DHCP client bound to address 10.0.2.15 (5 ms)
  *** Warning: no boot file name; using '0A00020F.img'
  Using ethernet@3,02000000 device
  TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
  Filename '0A00020F.img'.
  smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
  
  TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
  missing environment variable: pxefile_addr_r
  smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
  smc911x: phy initialized
  smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
  BOOTP broadcast 1
  DHCP client bound to address 10.0.2.15 (1 ms)
  Using ethernet@3,02000000 device
  TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
  Filename 'boot.scr.uimg'.
  smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
  
  TFTP error: trying to overwrite reserved memory...
  smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
  smc911x: phy initialized
  smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
  BOOTP broadcast 1
  DHCP client bound to address 10.0.2.15 (1 ms)
  Using ethernet@3,02000000 device
  TFTP from server 10.0.2.2; our IP address is 10.0.2.15
  Filename 'boot.scr.uimg'.
  Load address: 0x60100000
  Loading: *
  TFTP error: 'Access violation' (2)
  Not retrying...
  smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
  cp - memory copy
  
  Usage:
  cp [.b, .w, .l, .q] source target count
  Wrong Image Format for bootm command
  ERROR: can't get kernel image!
  =>
  =>
  =>
  

  可以看到只是启动了u-boot， u-boot命令如？或help可以使用。

u-boot利用tftp网络引导方式启动Linux内核

常见的启动方式：NOR/NAND FLASH启动，SD卡启动，BootLoader启动。这里使用tftp方式

# 使用u-boot引导内核镜像
# 需要将内核编译为uImage格式，制定uImage的加载地址
# 编译时制定 
# make LOADADDR=0x60003000 uImage -j4

# 编译后内核目录arch/arm/boot/ 中有uImage文件

WSL2主机网络功能设置

先是按照网络上的方式操作了一遍，没法实现WSL2和Qemu网络连通，之后修改网络连接方式，可以实现qemu运行u-boot时能ping通WSL2，过程大致如下：

1. 桥接方式
   参见文章 配置Qemu与主机的网络连接 部分，配置方式如下：

   # QEMU网络功能设置
   # 配置QEMU与主机的网络连接，采用桥接bridge的网络连接与host通信，需要主机内部tun/tap模块支持
   
   # 主机安装工具包，
   # apt install uml-utilities bridge-utils
   
   # 创建tun设备文件：/dev/net/tun
   
   # 修改/etc/network/interfaces ，如下几行，文件重启生效
   # interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
               auto lo
               iface lo inet loopback
               auto nes33
               auto br0
               iface br0 inet dhcp
                 bridge_ports ens33 #
   # 其中，ens33是你网口
   # 配置/etc/qemu-ifup、/etc/qemu-ifdown脚本，高版本不配置也行
   

   WSL无法使用root智能关闭,wsl -t Ubuntu关闭，依然无法实现桥接功能。这里按照网上常用的方式进行桥接，输入ifconfig，没有出现想要的 br0 ，猜测可能WSL2本来就是桥接的原因。

2. 主机安装TFTP工具

   # 主机Host安装TFTP工具:
   1. 安装TFTP工具: apt install tftp-hpa tftpd-hpa xinetd
   2. 修改配置文件：/etc/default/tftpd-hpa
       TFTP_USENAME="tftp"
       TFTP_DIRECTORY="/home/tftpboot"
       TFTP_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0:69"
       TFTP_OPTIONS="-l -c -s"
   
   3. 创建tftp目录：mkdir /home/tftpboot; chmod 777 tftpboot
   4. 重启tftp服务器：/etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa restart
   /home# /etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa
   Usage: /etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa {start|stop|restart|force-reload|status}
   /home# /etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa restart
    * Restarting HPA's tftpd in.tftpd
   
   5. 之后将uImage, vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb 复制到 tftpboot中。
   /home/tftpboot# cp /mnt/e/linux/kernel/linux-5.10.148/arch/arm/boot/uImage  .
   /home/tftpboot# cp /mnt/e/linux/kernel/linux-5.10.148/arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb .
   /home/tftpboot# cp /mnt/e/linux/kernel/u-boot-2022.10-rc5/u-boot .
   
   6. 运行，如下命令，建立在br0桥接成功的基础上，无法运行加载内核，故只是安装tftp完成。
   qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel u-boot -nographic -m 512M -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 -sd /home/rootfs.ext3
   

3. 修改网络连接
   网上找到其他参考，如QEMU模拟开发板系列5——虚拟机和开发板之间的通信， 访问qemu虚拟机的五种姿势， 【qemu】qemu网络配置。
   主机网络配置及显示效果如下：

   /home# tunctl -u root -t tap0
   Set 'tap0' persistent and owned by uid 0
   /home# ifconfig tap0 172.16.16.10 promisc up
   /home# ls
   rootfs  rootfs.ext3  tftpboot  tmpfs
   /home# ifconfig
   eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
           inet 172.24.100.81  netmask 255.255.240.0  broadcast 172.24.111.255
           inet6 fe80::215:5dff:fe8f:f6d2  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
           ether 00:15:5d:8f:f6:d2  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
           RX packets 24  bytes 4324 (4.3 KB)
           RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
           TX packets 12  bytes 936 (936.0 B)
           TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
   
   lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
           inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
           inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
           loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
           RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
           RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
           TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
           TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
   
   tap0: flags=4355<UP,BROADCAST,PROMISC,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
           inet 172.16.16.10  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.16.255.255
           ether 96:71:8d:e9:a2:39  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
           RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
           RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
           TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
           TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
   

   可以看到ifconfig后有tap0出现。

QEMU与主机的网络连接

启动u-boot，输入如下命令：

/home/tftpboot# qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel u-boot -nographic -m 512M -net  tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no -net nic,macaddr=00:16:3e:00:00:01 -sd /home/rootfs.ext4
WARNING: Image format was not specified for '/home/rootfs.ext4' and probing guessed raw.
         Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted.
         Specify the 'raw' format explicitly to remove the restrictions.
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'


U-Boot 2022.10-rc5 (Nov 27 2022 - 21:35:46 +0800)

DRAM:  512 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Core:  18 devices, 10 uclasses, devicetree: embed
Flash: 64 MiB
MMC:   mmci@5000: 0
Loading Environment from Flash... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Net:   eth0: ethernet@3,02000000
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
MMC Device 1 not found
no mmc device at slot 1
switch to partitions #0, OK
mmc0 is current device
** No partition table - mmc 0 **
Couldn't find partition mmc 0:1
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 00:16:3e:00:00:01
BOOTP broadcast 1
BOOTP broadcast 2
BOOTP broadcast 3
BOOTP broadcast 4
smc911x: MAC 00:16:3e:00:00:01

Abort
missing environment variable: pxefile_addr_r
cp - memory copy

Usage:
cp [.b, .w, .l, .q] source target count
Wrong Image Format for bootm command
ERROR: can't get kernel image!
=>
=> setenv ipaddr 172.16.16.20
=> setenv serverip 172.16.16.10
=> setenv netmask 255.255.240.0
=> setenv bootargs 'root=/dev/mmcblk0 console=ttyAMA0'
=> saveenv
Saving Environment to Flash... Error: start and/or end address not on sector boundary
Error: start and/or end address not on sector boundary
Failed (1)

之后再u-boot程序运行中配置ip，加载内核，如下：

=> setenv ipaddr 172.16.16.20
=> setenv serverip 172.16.16.10
=> setenv netmask 255.255.240.0
=> setenv bootargs 'root=/dev/mmcblk0 console=ttyAMA0'
=> saveenv

# 配置完上面之后，需要启动主机的tftp服务，WSL2主机上输入如下
/mnt/e/linux/kernel# service tftpd-hpa start

# 之后u-boot中加载内核镜像与设备树文件，并启动即可正常运行。
=> tftp 60003000 uImage
=> tftp 60500000 vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb
=> bootm 60003000 - 60500000

WSL2 启动tftp服务后LOG（补全）如下，成功加载了linux内核。

=> ping 172.16.16.10
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
Using ethernet@3,02000000 device
smc911x: MAC 52:54:00:12:34:56
host 172.16.16.10 is alive
=> tftp 60003000 uImage
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 00:16:3e:00:00:01
Using ethernet@3,02000000 device
TFTP from server 172.16.16.10; our IP address is 172.16.16.20
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x60003000
Loading: #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #######
         4.3 MiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 4868888 (4a4b18 hex)
smc911x: MAC 00:16:3e:00:00:01
=> tftp 60500000 vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb
smc911x: detected LAN9118 controller
smc911x: phy initialized
smc911x: MAC 00:16:3e:00:00:01
Using ethernet@3,02000000 device
TFTP from server 172.16.16.10; our IP address is 172.16.16.20
Filename 'vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb'.
Load address: 0x60500000
Loading: #
         1 MiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 14171 (375b hex)
smc911x: MAC 00:16:3e:00:00:01
=> bootm 60003000 - 60500000
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 60003000 ...
   Image Name:   Linux-5.10.148
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    4868824 Bytes = 4.6 MiB
   Load Address: 60003000
   Entry Point:  60003000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 60500000
   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x60500000
   Loading Kernel Image
   Loading Device Tree to 7fb1c000, end 7fb2275a ... OK

Starting kernel ...

ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
alsa: Failed to open `default':
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
Linux version 5.10.148 (root@FreyLiu) (arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.4.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34) #1 SMP Sun Nov 20 23:25:58 CST 2022
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
OF: fdt: Machine model: V2P-CA9
OF: fdt: Ignoring memory block 0x80000000 - 0x80000004
Memory policy: Data cache writeback
Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x4c000000, size 8 MiB
OF: reserved mem: initialized node vram@4c000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool
cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x7e800000
Zone ranges:
  Normal   [mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000007fffffff]
Movable zone start for each node
Early memory node ranges
  node   0: [mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000007fffffff]
Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000007fffffff]
CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
percpu: Embedded 19 pages/cpu s46284 r8192 d23348 u77824
Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 130048
Kernel command line: root=/dev/mmcblk0 console=ttyAMA0
printk: log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: 4096 bytes
printk: log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: 12288 bytes
printk: log_buf_len min size: 16384 bytes
printk: log_buf_len: 32768 bytes
printk: early log buf free: 14744(89%)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
Memory: 490836K/524288K available (8192K kernel code, 580K rwdata, 1760K rodata, 1024K init, 183K bss, 17068K reserved, 16384K cma-reserved)
SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
rcu:    RCU event tracing is enabled.
rcu:    RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 10 jiffies.
rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=4
NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
L2C: platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
L2C: DT/platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
L2C-310 enabling early BRESP for Cortex-A9
L2C-310 full line of zeros enabled for Cortex-A9
L2C-310 dynamic clock gating disabled, standby mode disabled
L2C-310 cache controller enabled, 8 ways, 128 kB
L2C-310: CACHE_ID 0x410000c8, AUX_CTRL 0x46420001
sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
clocksource: arm,sp804: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
smp_twd: clock not found -2
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating local timer... 92.62MHz.
Calibrating delay loop... 663.55 BogoMIPS (lpj=3317760)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
CPU0: Spectre v2: using BPIALL workaround
CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
Setting up static identity map for 0x60100000 - 0x60100060
rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
SMP: Total of 1 processors activated (663.55 BogoMIPS).
CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
devtmpfs: initialized
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 0
clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
NET: Registered protocol family 16
DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
cpuidle: using governor ladder
hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported.
Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
clocksource: Switched to clocksource arm,sp804
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP idents hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 6144 bytes, linear)
TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a9 PMU driver, 5 counters available
workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=17 bucket_order=0
squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
io scheduler mq-deadline registered
io scheduler kyber registered
sii902x 0-0039: supply iovcc not found, using dummy regulator
sii902x 0-0039: supply cvcc12 not found, using dummy regulator
i2c i2c-0: Added multiplexed i2c bus 2
sii902x 0-0060: supply iovcc not found, using dummy regulator
sii902x 0-0060: supply cvcc12 not found, using dummy regulator
physmap-flash 40000000.flash: physmap platform flash device: [mem 0x40000000-0x43ffffff]
40000000.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
Using buffer write method
physmap-flash 40000000.flash: physmap platform flash device: [mem 0x44000000-0x47ffffff]
40000000.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
Using buffer write method
Concatenating MTD devices:
(0): "40000000.flash"
(1): "40000000.flash"
into device "40000000.flash"
physmap-flash 48000000.psram: physmap platform flash device: [mem 0x48000000-0x49ffffff]
smsc911x 4e000000.ethernet eth0: MAC Address: 00:16:3e:00:00:01
isp1760 4f000000.usb: bus width: 32, oc: digital
isp1760 4f000000.usb: NXP ISP1760 USB Host Controller
isp1760 4f000000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
isp1760 4f000000.usb: Scratch test failed.
isp1760 4f000000.usb: can't setup: -19
isp1760 4f000000.usb: USB bus 1 deregistered
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
NET: Registered protocol family 17
9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
oprofile: using arm/armv7-ca9
Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
aaci-pl041 10004000.aaci: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 28
aaci-pl041 10004000.aaci: FIFO 512 entries
mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: Got CD GPIO
mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: Got WP GPIO
mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: mmc0: PL181 manf 41 rev0 at 0x10005000 irq 29,30 (pio)
10009000.uart: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = 33, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
mmc0: new SD card at address 4567
mmcblk0: mmc0:4567 QEMU! 64.0 MiB
input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/bus@40000000/bus@40000000:motherboard/bus@40000000:motherboard:iofpga@7,00000000/10006000.kmi/serio0/input/input0
printk: console [ttyAMA0] enabled
1000a000.uart: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x1000a000 (irq = 34, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
1000b000.uart: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x1000b000 (irq = 35, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
1000c000.uart: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x1000c000 (irq = 36, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
rtc-pl031 10017000.rtc: registered as rtc0
rtc-pl031 10017000.rtc: setting system clock to 2022-12-18T10:56:07 UTC (1671360967)
drm-clcd-pl111 1001f000.clcd: assigned reserved memory node vram@4c000000
drm-clcd-pl111 1001f000.clcd: using device-specific reserved memory
drm-clcd-pl111 1001f000.clcd: core tile graphics present
drm-clcd-pl111 1001f000.clcd: this device will be deactivated
drm-clcd-pl111 1001f000.clcd: Versatile Express init failed - -19
drm-clcd-pl111 10020000.clcd: DVI muxed to daughterboard 1 (core tile) CLCD
drm-clcd-pl111 10020000.clcd: initializing Versatile Express PL111
drm-clcd-pl111 10020000.clcd: found bridge on endpoint 0
drm-clcd-pl111 10020000.clcd: Using non-panel bridge
[drm] Initialized pl111 1.0.0 20170317 for 10020000.clcd on minor 0
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
drm-clcd-pl111 10020000.clcd: [drm] fb0: pl111drmfb frame buffer device
ALSA device list:
  #0: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 28
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/bus@40000000/bus@40000000:motherboard/bus@40000000:motherboard:iofpga@7,00000000/10007000.kmi/serio1/input/input2
EXT4-fs (mmcblk0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) readonly on device 179:0.
Freeing unused kernel memory: 1024K
Run /sbin/init as init process
random: crng init done
can't run '/etc/init.d/rcS': No such file or directory

Please press Enter to activate this console.
/ # ls
bin         lib         lost+found  usr
dev         linuxrc     sbin
/ #

还有很多问题，如还没能自动化引导的方式运行，预计只是处理下u-boot添加自动运行命令即可，先到这边吧！

参考：
使用QEMU搭建U-boot+Linux；

Qemu搭建ARM vexpress开发环境(二)----u-boot启动kernel；

使用Qemu模拟vexpress-a9搭建模拟开发板；

qemu-system-arm仿真vexpress-a9踩坑记；文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-463556.html

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