Python经典基础习题（文件与文件夹操作）

目录

1.从键盘输入一些字符，逐个把它们写到指定的文件，直到输入一个@为止。

示例1： 请输入文件名： out.txt 请输入字符串： Python is open.@ 执行代码后，out.txt文件中内容为： Python is open.

2.老王的血压有些高，医生让家属给老王测血压。老王的女儿记录了一段时间的血压测量值，在文件xueyajilu.txt中，内容示例如下：

2020/7/2 6:00,140,82,136,90,69

2020/7/2 15:28,154,88,155,85,63

2020/7/3 6:30,131,82,139,74,61

2020/7/3 16:49,145,84,139,85,73

2020/7/4 5:03,152,87,131,85,63；

文件内各部分含义如下： 测量时间,左臂高压,左臂低压,右臂高压,右臂低压,心率 根据题意，实现下述功能。

（1）使用字典和列表类型进行数据分析，获取老王的左臂和右臂血压情况的对比表，输出到屏幕上，请注意每列对齐：

低压最高值

左臂和右臂的血压平均值

左臂和右臂的高压差平均值、低压差平均值

心率的平均值

（2）上述显示的五个项目，如果左臂有大于50%的项目高于右臂，则输出“结论：左臂血压偏高”；如果等于50%的项目高于右臂，则输出“结论：左臂血压与右臂血压相当”；如果小于50%的项目高于右臂，则输出“结论：右臂血压偏高”。

3.假设当前目录下有一个文件名为class_score.txt的文本文件，存放着某班学生的学号（第1列）、语文成绩（第2列）和数学成绩（第3列），以空格分割各列数据。请编写程序完成下列要求：

（1）分别求出这个班语文成绩和数学成绩的平均分（保留1位小数）并输出。

（2）找出这个班两门课都不及格（<60）的学生，输出这些学生的学号、语文成绩和数学成绩。

（3）找出这个班两门课的平均成绩为优秀（≥90分）的学生，输出这些学生的学号、语文成绩和数学成绩和平均成绩。 程序运行效果如图所示。

4.编写程序，打开任意的文本文件，在指定的位置产生一个相同文件的副本，即实现文件的拷贝功能。

5.在自己电脑任一盘符中新建以OS_Test命名的文件夹，并在该文件夹中新建以.doc .bmp .txt .png .jpeg .xlsx为扩展名的文件若干，请写一个程序，删除掉OS_Test目录里面（不包含子目录）所有的扩展名为.txt的文件，并将删除掉的文件名称打印出来。

1.从键盘输入一些字符，逐个把它们写到指定的文件，直到输入一个@为止。

示例1： 请输入文件名： out.txt 请输入字符串： Python is open.@ 执行代码后，out.txt文件中内容为： Python is open.

程序代码：

print("输入@后的内容将不再输入到文件中")
try:
  word = input("请输入您想输入到文件的字符:")
  file_write = open("out.txt", "w",encoding="utf-8")
except Exception as reason:
    print(reason)
else:
    for file_word in word:
        if file_word == "@":
            break
        else:
            file_write.write(file_word)
    file_write.close()
    with open("out.txt", "r",encoding="utf-8") as file_read:
        print(file_read.read())
        file_read.close()

运行结果：

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe D:/blue7/01.py
输入@后的内容将不再输入到文件中
请输入您想输入到文件的字符:Python is open.@
Python is open.

进程已结束,退出代码0

2.老王的血压有些高，医生让家属给老王测血压。老王的女儿记录了一段时间的血压测量值，在文件xueyajilu.txt中，内容示例如下：

• 2020/7/2 6:00,140,82,136,90,69

• 2020/7/2 15:28,154,88,155,85,63

• 2020/7/3 6:30,131,82,139,74,61

• 2020/7/3 16:49,145,84,139,85,73

• 2020/7/4 5:03,152,87,131,85,63；

文件内各部分含义如下： 测量时间,左臂高压,左臂低压,右臂高压,右臂低压,心率 根据题意，实现下述功能。

（1）使用字典和列表类型进行数据分析，获取老王的左臂和右臂血压情况的对比表，输出到屏幕上，请注意每列对齐：

• 低压最高值

• 左臂和右臂的血压平均值

• 左臂和右臂的高压差平均值、低压差平均值

• 心率的平均值

程序代码1：

with open("xueyajilu.txt","w",encoding="gbk") as xueyajilu:
    xueyajilu.write(
"2020/7/2 6:00  140,82,136,90,69""\n"
"2020/7/2 15:28 154,88,155,85,63""\n"
"2020/7/3 6:30  131,82,139,74,61""\n"
"2020/7/3 16:49 145,84,139,85,73""\n"
"2020/7/4 5:03  152,87,131,85,63""\n")
with open("xueyajilu.txt","r",encoding="gbk") as xueyajilu_read:
    jilu = []
    for xueyajilu_dictionary_word in xueyajilu_read.readlines():
        xueyajilu_end = xueyajilu_dictionary_word.rstrip("\n")
        jilu.append(xueyajilu_end)
        xueya_dictionary = {}
        count_end = 0
        for j in jilu:
            count_end += 1
            xueya_dictionary[count_end] = [j]
diya_maxs = []
for diya in range(1,6):
    diya_max = []
    diya_max = xueya_dictionary[diya]
    diya_maxs += diya_max
diya_count = []
for count in range(0,5):
    diya_count.append(diya_maxs[count][19:21])
    diya_count.append(diya_maxs[count][26:28])
print("低压最高值为:",max(diya_count))
for count in range(0,5):
    diya_count.append(diya_maxs[count][15:18])
    diya_count.append(diya_maxs[count][22:25])
diya_count_list_int = sum(list(map(int,diya_count)))
print("左臂和右臂的血压平均值为:","%.2f"%(diya_count_list_int/len(diya_count)))

gaoyaa_count = []
gaoyaa_count_fu = []
for gaoya_count in range(0,5):
    gaoyaa_count.append(diya_maxs[gaoya_count][15:18])
    gaoyaa_count_fu.append(diya_maxs[gaoya_count][22:25])
gaoyaa_count_int_list = sum(list(map(int,gaoyaa_count)))
gaoyaa_count_fu_int_list =sum(list(map(int,gaoyaa_count_fu)))
print("左右臂高压差平均值:",(gaoyaa_count_int_list-gaoyaa_count_fu_int_list)/5)
diyaya_left = []
diyaya_right = []
for diyaya_count in range(0,5):
    diyaya_left.append(diya_maxs[diyaya_count][19:21])
    diyaya_right.append(diya_maxs[diyaya_count][26:28])
diyaya_left_list_int = sum(list(map(int,diyaya_left)))
diyaya_right_list_int = sum(list(map(int,diyaya_right)))
print("左右臂低压差平均值:",(diyaya_left_list_int-diyaya_right_list_int)/len(diyaya_right))
xinlv = []
for xinlv_count in range(0,5):
    xinlv.append(diya_maxs[xinlv_count][29:31])
xinlv_int_lis = sum(list(map(int,xinlv)))
print("心率平均值:",xinlv_int_lis/len(xinlv))

运行结果1：

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe D:/blue7/02.py
低压最高值为: 90
左臂和右臂的血压平均值为: 113.20
左右臂高压差平均值: 4.4
左右臂低压差平均值: 0.8
心率平均值: 65.8

进程已结束,退出代码0

程序代码2：

print("对比表""         ""左臂""            ""右臂")
left = []
right = []
with open("xueyajilu.txt","w",encoding="gbk") as xueyajilu:
    xueyajilu.write(
"2020/7/2 6:00  140,82,136,90,69""\n"
"2020/7/2 15:28 154,88,155,85,63""\n"
"2020/7/3 6:30  131,82,139,74,61""\n"
"2020/7/3 16:49 145,84,139,85,73""\n"
"2020/7/4 5:03  152,87,131,85,63""\n")
with open("xueyajilu.txt","r",encoding="gbk") as xueyajilu_read:
    jilu = []
    for xueyajilu_dictionary_word in xueyajilu_read.readlines():
        xueyajilu_end = xueyajilu_dictionary_word.rstrip("\n")
        jilu.append(xueyajilu_end)
        xueya_dictionary = {}
        count_end = 0
        for j in jilu:
            count_end += 1
            xueya_dictionary[count_end] = [j]
diya_maxs = []
for diya in range(1,6):
    diya_max = []
    diya_max = xueya_dictionary[diya]
    diya_maxs += diya_max
diya_count_left = []
diya_count_right = []
for count in range(0,5):
    diya_count_left.append(diya_maxs[count][19:21])
    diya_count_right.append(diya_maxs[count][26:28])
print("低压最高值     ",max(diya_count_left),"            ",max(diya_count_right))
right.append((max(diya_count_right)))
left.append((max(diya_count_left)))
diya_count_left_int_list = sum(list(map(int,diya_count_left)))
diya_count_right_int_list = sum(list(map(int,diya_count_right)))
print("低压平均值     ",diya_count_left_int_list/len(diya_count_left),
      "          ",diya_count_right_int_list/len(diya_count_right))
left.append("%.1f"%(diya_count_left_int_list/len(diya_count_left)))
right.append("%.1f"%(diya_count_right_int_list/len(diya_count_right)))
xueya_average_left = []
xueya_average_right = []
for average_count in range(0,5):
    xueya_average_left.append(diya_maxs[average_count][15:18])
    xueya_average_left.append(diya_maxs[average_count][19:21])
    xueya_average_right.append(diya_maxs[average_count][22:25])
    xueya_average_right.append(diya_maxs[average_count][26:28])
xueya_average_left_int_list = sum(list(map(int, xueya_average_left)))
xueya_average_right_int_list = sum(list(map(int,xueya_average_right)))
print("血压平均值     ",xueya_average_left_int_list/len(xueya_average_left),
      "         ",xueya_average_right_int_list/len(xueya_average_right))
left.append("%.1f"%(xueya_average_left_int_list/len(xueya_average_left)))
right.append("%.1f"%(xueya_average_right_int_list/len(xueya_average_right)))
xueya_left = []
xueya_right = []
for xueya_count in range(0,5):
    xueya_left.append(diya_maxs[xueya_count][15:18])
    xueya_right.append(diya_maxs[xueya_count][22:25])
xueya_left_int_list = sum(list(map(int,xueya_left)))
xueya_right_int_list = sum(list(map(int,xueya_right)))
print("高压平均值     ",xueya_left_int_list/len(xueya_left),
      "         ",xueya_right_int_list/len(xueya_left))

print("压差平均值     ","%.1f"%(xueya_left_int_list/len(xueya_left)-diya_count_left_int_list/len(diya_count_left)),
     "         ",xueya_right_int_list/len(xueya_left)-diya_count_right_int_list/len(diya_count_right))
left.append("%.1f"%(xueya_left_int_list/len(xueya_left)))
left.append("%.1f"%(xueya_left_int_list/len(xueya_left)-diya_count_left_int_list/len(diya_count_left)))
right.append("%.1f"%(xueya_right_int_list/len(xueya_left)))
right.append("%.1f"%(xueya_right_int_list/len(xueya_left)-diya_count_right_int_list/len(diya_count_right)))
xinlv = []
for xinlv_count in range(0,5):
    xinlv.append(diya_maxs[xinlv_count][29:31])
xinlv_int_lis = sum(list(map(int,xinlv)))
print("心率平均值:",xinlv_int_lis/len(xinlv))

运行结果2：

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe D:/blue7/021.py
对比表         左臂            右臂
低压最高值      88              90
低压平均值      84.6            83.8
血压平均值     114.5           111.9
高压平均值     144.4           140.0
压差平均值      59.8            56.2
心率平均值: 65.8
进程已结束,退出代码0

（2）上述显示的五个项目，如果左臂有大于50%的项目高于右臂，则输出“结论：左臂血压偏高”；如果等于50%的项目高于右臂，则输出“结论：左臂血压与右臂血压相当”；如果小于50%的项目高于右臂，则输出“结论：右臂血压偏高”。

程序代码：

print("对比表""         ""左臂""            ""右臂")
left = []
right = []
with open("xueyajilu.txt","w",encoding="gbk") as xueyajilu:
    xueyajilu.write(
"2020/7/2 6:00  140,82,136,90,69""\n"
"2020/7/2 15:28 154,88,155,85,63""\n"
"2020/7/3 6:30  131,82,139,74,61""\n"
"2020/7/3 16:49 145,84,139,85,73""\n"
"2020/7/4 5:03  152,87,131,85,63""\n")
with open("xueyajilu.txt","r",encoding="gbk") as xueyajilu_read:
    jilu = []
    for xueyajilu_dictionary_word in xueyajilu_read.readlines():
        xueyajilu_end = xueyajilu_dictionary_word.rstrip("\n")
        jilu.append(xueyajilu_end)
        xueya_dictionary = {}
        count_end = 0
        for j in jilu:
            count_end += 1
            xueya_dictionary[count_end] = [j]
diya_maxs = []
for diya in range(1,6):
    diya_max = []
    diya_max = xueya_dictionary[diya]
    diya_maxs += diya_max
diya_count_left = []
diya_count_right = []
for count in range(0,5):
    diya_count_left.append(diya_maxs[count][19:21])
    diya_count_right.append(diya_maxs[count][26:28])
print("低压最高值     ",max(diya_count_left),"            ",max(diya_count_right))
right.append((max(diya_count_right)))
left.append((max(diya_count_left)))
diya_count_left_int_list = sum(list(map(int,diya_count_left)))
diya_count_right_int_list = sum(list(map(int,diya_count_right)))
print("低压平均值     ",diya_count_left_int_list/len(diya_count_left),
      "          ",diya_count_right_int_list/len(diya_count_right))
left.append("%.1f"%(diya_count_left_int_list/len(diya_count_left)))
right.append("%.1f"%(diya_count_right_int_list/len(diya_count_right)))
xueya_average_left = []
xueya_average_right = []
for average_count in range(0,5):
    xueya_average_left.append(diya_maxs[average_count][15:18])
    xueya_average_left.append(diya_maxs[average_count][19:21])
    xueya_average_right.append(diya_maxs[average_count][22:25])
    xueya_average_right.append(diya_maxs[average_count][26:28])
xueya_average_left_int_list = sum(list(map(int, xueya_average_left)))
xueya_average_right_int_list = sum(list(map(int,xueya_average_right)))
print("血压平均值     ",xueya_average_left_int_list/len(xueya_average_left),
      "         ",xueya_average_right_int_list/len(xueya_average_right))
left.append("%.1f"%(xueya_average_left_int_list/len(xueya_average_left)))
right.append("%.1f"%(xueya_average_right_int_list/len(xueya_average_right)))
xueya_left = []
xueya_right = []
for xueya_count in range(0,5):
    xueya_left.append(diya_maxs[xueya_count][15:18])
    xueya_right.append(diya_maxs[xueya_count][22:25])
xueya_left_int_list = sum(list(map(int,xueya_left)))
xueya_right_int_list = sum(list(map(int,xueya_right)))
print("高压平均值     ",xueya_left_int_list/len(xueya_left),
      "         ",xueya_right_int_list/len(xueya_left))

print("压差平均值     ","%.1f"%(xueya_left_int_list/len(xueya_left)-diya_count_left_int_list/len(diya_count_left)),
     "         ",xueya_right_int_list/len(xueya_left)-diya_count_right_int_list/len(diya_count_right))
left.append("%.1f"%(xueya_left_int_list/len(xueya_left)))
left.append("%.1f"%(xueya_left_int_list/len(xueya_left)-diya_count_left_int_list/len(diya_count_left)))
right.append("%.1f"%(xueya_right_int_list/len(xueya_left)))
right.append("%.1f"%(xueya_right_int_list/len(xueya_left)-diya_count_right_int_list/len(diya_count_right)))
xinlv = []
for xinlv_count in range(0,5):
    xinlv.append(diya_maxs[xinlv_count][29:31])
xinlv_int_lis = sum(list(map(int,xinlv)))
print("心率平均值:",xinlv_int_lis/len(xinlv))
count = 0
count1 = 0
for i in range(0,5):
    if left[i]>right[i]:
        count += 1
    elif left[i]<right[i]:
        count1 += 1
if count > count1:
    print("左臂血压偏高")
elif count1 > count:
    print("右臂血压偏高")
elif count == count1:
    print("左右臂血压相当")

运行结果：

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe D:/blue7/021.py
对比表         左臂            右臂
低压最高值      88              90
低压平均值      84.6            83.8
血压平均值      114.5          111.9
高压平均值      144.4          140.0
压差平均值      59.8            56.2
心率平均值: 65.8
左臂血压偏高

进程已结束,退出代码0

3.假设当前目录下有一个文件名为class_score.txt的文本文件，存放着某班学生的学号（第1列）、语文成绩（第2列）和数学成绩（第3列），以空格分割各列数据。请编写程序完成下列要求：

（1）分别求出这个班语文成绩和数学成绩的平均分（保留1位小数）并输出。

（2）找出这个班两门课都不及格（<60）的学生，输出这些学生的学号、语文成绩和数学成绩。

（3）找出这个班两门课的平均成绩为优秀（≥90分）的学生，输出这些学生的学号、语文成绩和数学成绩和平均成绩。 程序运行效果如图所示。

程序代码：

with open("class_score.txt","w",encoding= "utf-8") as open_file:
    open_file.write("20212501122 90 90""\n"
                    "20212501123 56 58""\n"
                    "20212501124 54 44""\n"
                    "20212501125 59 84""\n")
    open_file.close()
with open("class_score.txt","r",encoding="utf-8") as read_file:
    jilu = []
    jilu_math = []
    jilu_chinese = []
    for message in read_file:
        message_end = message.rstrip("\n")
        jilu.append(message_end)
    for j in range(0,4):
        jilu_chinese.append(jilu[j][12:14])
        jilu_math.append(jilu[j][14:17])
    jilu_chinese_int_list = sum(list(map(int,jilu_chinese)))
    jilu_math_int_list = sum(list(map(int, jilu_math)))
    print("语文平均成绩为:","%.1f"%(jilu_chinese_int_list/len(jilu)))
    print("数学平均成绩为:", "%.1f"%(jilu_math_int_list/len(jilu)))
    for i in range(0,3):
        if jilu[i][12:14] < "60" and jilu[i][14:17] < "60":
            print("两门成绩都不及格的学生:")
            print(jilu[i])
        if int(jilu[i][12:14])+int(jilu[i][14:17])/2 >= 90:
            print("平均成绩为优秀的学生:")
            print(jilu[i],int(jilu[i][12:14])+int(jilu[i][14:17])/2)

运行结果：

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe D:/blue7/03.py
语文平均成绩为: 64.8
数学平均成绩为: 69.0
平均成绩为优秀的学生:
20212501122 90 90 135.0
两门成绩都不及格的学生:
20212501123 56 58
两门成绩都不及格的学生:
20212501124 54 44

进程已结束,退出代码0

4.编写程序，打开任意的文本文件，在指定的位置产生一个相同文件的副本，即实现文件的拷贝功能。

程序代码：

import  shutil
import  re
import os
try:
    path_old = input("请输入您要复制的文本路径:")
    os.path.exists(path_old)
    if re.findall(".txt|doc|docx|xlsx|pptx|htm|html|PDF",path_old):
        print("文件有效！")
    else:
        raise ValueError("文件格式错误！")
except ValueError as reason:
    print(reason)
else:
    shutil.copy(path_old,path_old+"-(副本)")

运行结果：

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe D:/blue7/04.py
请输入您要复制的文本路径:D:\蓝桥云.txt
文件有效！

进程已结束,退出代码0

5.在自己电脑任一盘符中新建以OS_Test命名的文件夹，并在该文件夹中新建以.doc .bmp .txt .png .jpeg .xlsx为扩展名的文件若干，请写一个程序，删除掉OS_Test目录里面（不包含子目录）所有的扩展名为.txt的文件，并将删除掉的文件名称打印出来。

程序代码：

from os.path import isdir,join,splitext
from os import remove,listdir
filetypes = ".txt"
def delfile(directory):
    if not isdir(directory):
        return
    for filename in listdir(directory):
        name,ext = splitext(filename)
        if ext == filetypes:
            print(filename)
            temp = join(directory,filename)
            if isdir(temp):
                delfile(temp)
            remove(temp)

delfile("D:\OS_Test")

运行结果：

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\python.exe D:/blue7/05.py
蓝桥云.txt

进程已结束,退出代码0

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