LVS-DR集群
一.LVS-DR工作原理
1.数据包流向
数据包流向分析：
（1）客户端发送请求到 Director Server（负载均衡器），请求的数据报文（源 IP 是 CIP,目标 IP 是 VIP）到达内核空间。
（2）Director Server 和 Real Server 在同一个网络中，数据通过二层数据链路层来传输。
（3）内核空间判断数据包的目标IP是本机VIP，此时IPVS（IP虚拟服务器）比对数据包请求的服务是否是集群服务，是集群服务就重新封装数据包。修改源 MAC 地址为 Director Server 的 MAC地址，修改目标 MAC 地址为 Real Server 的 MAC 地址，源 IP 地址与目标 IP 地址没有改变，然后将数据包发送给 Real Server。
（4）到达 Real Server 的请求报文的 MAC 地址是自身的 MAC 地址，就接收此报文。数据包重新封装报文(源 IP 地址为 VIP，目标 IP 为 CIP)，将响应报文通过 lo 接口传送给物理网卡然后向外发出。
（5）Real Server 直接将响应报文传送到客户端。
2.DR模式特点
（1）Director Server 和 Real Server 必须在同一个物理网络中。
（2）Real Server 可以使用私有地址，也可以使用公网地址。如果使用公网地址，可以通过互联网对 RIP 进行直接访问。
（3）Director Server作为群集的访问入口，但不作为网关使用。
（4）所有的请求报文经由 Director Server，但回复响应报文不能经过 Director Server。
（5）Real Server 的网关不允许指向 Director Server IP，即Real Server发送的数据包不允许经过 Director Server。
（6）Real Server 上的 lo 接口配置 VIP 的 IP 地址。
3.LVS-DR模式中问题
3.1节点服务器ARP请求混乱
3.2MAC地址混乱
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1 #系统只响应目的IP为本地IP的ARP请求
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2 #系统不使用IP包的源地址来设置ARP请求的源地址，而选择发送接口的IP地址
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
4.调度服务器内核参数修改
#由于 LVS 负载调度器和各节点需要共用 VIP 地址，需要关闭 icmp 的重定向，不充当路由器。
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0
sysctl -p
二.LVS-DR部署过程
2.1实验部署分析
2.2实验过程
2.2.1配置tomcat服务器
配置jdk环境
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm
警告：jdk-8u201-linux-x64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:jdk1.8-2000:1.8.0_201-fcs ################################# [100%]
Unpacking JAR files...
tools.jar...
plugin.jar...
javaws.jar...
deploy.jar...
rt.jar...
jsse.jar...
charsets.jar...
localedata.jar...
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/java.sh
[root@localhost ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_201"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode)
安装tomcat服务，并通过systemctl管理tomcat服务
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# tar -xf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat
[root@localhost opt]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service
[Unit]
Description=tomcat server
Wants=network-online.target
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
Environment="JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201-amd64"
Environment="PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"
Environment="CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar"
ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
准备tomcat动态页面
[root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@localhost webapps]# mkdir test
[root@localhost webapps]# cd test/
[root@localhost test]# ls
[root@localhost test]# vim index.jsp
[root@localhost test]# systemctl restart tomcat.service
[root@localhost test]# netstat -lntp | grep java
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 13074/java
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 13074/java
tcp6 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 13074/java
[root@localhost test]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost test]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@localhost test]# cat index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面 2 192.168.111.45,this is second tomcat web ");%>
</body>
</html>
另一台tomcat服务器配置一样
2.2.2配置节点服务器
nginx七层代理
1.关闭防火墙
2.编译安装nginx服务
3.在server块上添加upstream{}，添加后端服务器
4.location匹配规则及转发协议
5.重启服务
添加路由转发规则
配置节点服务器物理网卡虚接口及路由转发规则
[root@localhost test]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-ippp ifdown-sit ifup-bnep ifup-plip ifup-Team network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-lo ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-Team ifup-eth ifup-plusb ifup-TeamPort
ifdown ifdown-isdn ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ib ifup-post ifup-tunnel
ifdown-bnep ifdown-post ifdown-tunnel ifup-ippp ifup-ppp ifup-wireless
ifdown-eth ifdown-ppp ifup ifup-ipv6 ifup-routes init.ipv6-global
ifdown-ib ifdown-routes ifup-aliases ifup-isdn ifup-sit network-functions
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-lo ifcfg-lo:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-lo:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifup lo:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig lo:0
lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 192.168.111.168 netmask 255.255.255.255
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
[root@localhost network-scripts]# route add -host 192.168.111.168 dev lo:0
修改节点服务器内核配置参数
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/rc.local
[root@localhost network-scripts]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost network-scripts]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
安装nginx服务做动静分离和负载均衡
同步配置另一台nginx服务
[root@localhost opt]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
local.repo local.sh repo.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim nginx.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y nginx
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
nginx-stable | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
nginx-stable/x86_64/primary_db | 85 kB 00:00:00
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 nginx.x86_64.1.1.24.0-1.el7.ngx 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=================================================================================================================
正在安装:
nginx x86_64 1:1.24.0-1.el7.ngx nginx-stable 804 k
事务概要
=================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：804 k
安装大小：2.8 M
Downloading packages:
nginx-1.24.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm | 804 kB 00:00:01
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : 1:nginx-1.24.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64 1/1
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Thanks for using nginx!
Please find the official documentation for nginx here:
* https://nginx.org/en/docs/
Please subscribe to nginx-announce mailing list to get
the most important news about nginx:
* https://nginx.org/en/support.html
Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on:
* https://nginx.com/products/
----------------------------------------------------------------------
验证中 : 1:nginx-1.24.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
nginx.x86_64 1:1.24.0-1.el7.ngx
完毕！
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@localhost nginx]# cd conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim default.conf
在配置文件中server块上添加upstream模块
upstream backend_server {
server 192.168.111.45:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.111.40:8080 weight=1;
}
location动态页面匹配规则
location ~* .*\.jsp$ {
proxy_pass http://backend_server;
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost conf.d]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# mkdir test
[root@localhost html]# cd test/
[root@localhost test]# echo '<h1>this is 192.168.30 nignx jingtai web</h1>' > index.html
[root@localhost test]# ls
index.html
[root@localhost test]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@localhost test]#
[root@localhost test]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost test]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@localhost test]# setenforce 0
2.2.3负载调度服务器
在物理网卡上添加VIP虚接口网卡
修改内核配置参数
配置负载分配策略
在物理网卡上添加VIP虚接口网卡
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens33:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33:0
DEVICE=ens33:0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.111.168
NETMASK=255.255.255.255
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.111.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.111.255
inet6 fe80::76bd:2b0e:debf:af01 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
inet6 fe80::7ee0:eac8:3f9d:ccd8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
inet6 fe80::b565:5b84:d85b:3c3 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:10:ff:ef txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 6604 bytes 668640 (652.9 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1155 bytes 181323 (177.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.111.168 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 192.168.111.168
ether 00:0c:29:10:ff:ef txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
修改内核配置参数
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0
配置ipvs分配策略
通过yum安装ipvsadm服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
[root@localhost network-scripts]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm -C
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.111.168:80 -r 192.168.111.20:80 -g
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.111.168:80 -r 192.168.111.30:80 -g
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP localhost.localdomain:http rr
-> 192.168.111.20:http Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.111.30:http Route 1 0 0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart ipvsadm.service
2.3实验结果
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