前言
在上一篇博客,我们介绍了MVC的演变过程,以及简单地实现了自定义MVC,在这篇博客中,我们进一步优化代码
一、 工作流程图
二、简单的实现自定义MVC
- 创建一个能处理所有前端发送过来请求的Servle,即中央控制器,拿到所有方法的反射代码就在这里,并根据请求的类型调用相应的业务逻辑(去子控制器)
- 创建一个子控制器,用于处理特定的用户请求或操作,这是真正处理用户请求的Servlet
- 创建一个定义方法的Servlet,继承子控制器,供子控制器调用方法
Controller层——Servlet
中央控制器
package com.xqx.framework;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/** 中央控制器 即工作流程图中的ActionServlet
* @author W许潜行
* 2023年6月29日 下午8:10:04
*/
@WebServlet("*.action")
public class DispatherServlet extends HttpServlet {
Map<String,Action> mapAction=new HashMap<>();
/**
* 初始化方法
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
mapAction.put("/book", new BookAction());
super.init();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//得到传过来的路径名
String uri = request.getRequestURI();// /J2EE_MVC/book.action
//得到请求的类
uri = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/"), uri.lastIndexOf("."));// /book
//拿到对应的action
Action action = mapAction.get(uri);
//调用方法
action.execute(request, response);
}
}
当有请求进入时,我们首先获取请求的URI,并从中获取类似"/book"的路径名。然后,我们使用这个路径名作为键在mapAction中查找对应的Action对象。最后,执行该Action的execute方法来处理请求。
这个DispatcherServlet类的目的是根据传入的请求路径来分发请求给不同的Action类处理,通过这种方式实现请求的路由和控制,实现了基本的MVC模式。
子控制器
package com.xqx.framework;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 字控制器,真正处理请求的类
*
*
* @author W许潜行 2023年6月29日 下午8:17:41
*/
public class Action {
public void execute(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 拿到jsp传来的method
String method = request.getParameter("method");
try {
Method m = this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(method, HttpServletRequest.class, HttpServletResponse.class);
m.setAccessible(true);
m.invoke(this, request, response);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
这个Action类的作用是通过反射机制根据传入的method参数值来调用具体的方法进行请求处理。每个实际的Action类都可以继承这个基类,并重写具体的方法来实现自己的业务逻辑。
具体Action类
package com.xqx.framework;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**定义crud方法
* @author W许潜行
* 2023年6月29日 下午8:55:46
*/
public class BookAction extends Action{
public void list(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
System.out.println("list");
}
public void upd(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
System.out.println("upd");
}
public void del(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
System.out.println("del");
}
public void add(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
System.out.println("add");
}
}
view层——JSP
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>极易MVC</h1>
<a href="bookAdd.action">新增</a>
<a href="bookDel.action">删除</a>
<a href="bookUpd.action">修改</a>
<a href="bookList.action">查看</a>
<hr>
<h1>简易MVC</h1>
<a href="book.action?method=add">新增</a>
<a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a>
<a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a>
<a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a>
<hr>
<h1>普易MVC</h1>
<a href="book.action?method=add">新增</a>
<a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a>
<a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a>
<a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a>
</body>
<h1>MVC架构初实现</h1>
<a href="book.action?method=add">新增</a>
<a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a>
<a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a>
<a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a>
</body>
</html>
打印结果:
简单的MVC架构就基本完成了,但还有很多优化之处,接下来我们来优化。
三、初步实现自定义MVC
简单MVC架构中的问题
既然要做到通用,那里面就不能出现写死的类呀
怎样可以灵活地拿到所有要初始化的地址/类呢?
答案是:通过反射建模完成,将所需要操作的类,在XML文件中配置即可
3.1 配置XML文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<config>
<action path="/order" type="com.xqx.framework.OrderAction">
<forward name="list" path="res.jsp" redirect="false" />
<forward name="toList" path="res.jsp" redirect="true" />
</action>
<action path="/book" type="com.xqx.framework.BookAction">
<forward name="list" path="res.jsp" redirect="false" />
<forward name="toList" path="res.jsp" redirect="true" />
</action>
</config>
3.2 建模
ForwardModel
package com.xqx.framework.model;
public class ForwardModel {
private String name;
private String path;
private boolean redirect;
public ForwardModel() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Forward [name=" + name + ", path=" + path + ", redirect=" + redirect + "]";
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPath() {
return path;
}
public void setPath(String path) {
this.path = path;
}
public boolean isRedirect() {
return redirect;
}
public void setRedirect(boolean redirect) {
this.redirect = redirect;
}
public ForwardModel(String name, String path, boolean redirect) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.path = path;
this.redirect = redirect;
}
}
ActionModel
package com.xqx.framework.model;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class ActionModel {
private String path;
private String type;
private Map<String, ForwardModel> fMap = new HashMap<>();
public String getPath() {
return path;
}
public void setPath(String path) {
this.path = path;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public Map<String, ForwardModel> getfMap() {
return fMap;
}
public void setfMap(Map<String, ForwardModel> fMap) {
this.fMap = fMap;
}
public void push(ForwardModel fd) {
fMap.put(fd.getName(), fd);
}
public ForwardModel pop(String name) {
return fMap.get(name);
}
}
ConfigModel
package com.xqx.framework.model;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class ConfigModel {
private Map<String, ActionModel> aMap = new HashMap<String, ActionModel>();
public void push(ActionModel ac) {
aMap.put(ac.getPath(), ac);
}
public ActionModel pop(String path) {
return aMap.get(path);
}
}
ConfigModelFactory
package com.xqx.framework.model;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
public class ConfigModelFactory {
public static ConfigModel build() throws Exception {
String xPath = "/config.xml";
return build(xPath);
}
public static ConfigModel build(String xPath) throws Exception {
ConfigModel cm = new ConfigModel();
InputStream is = ConfigModelFactory.class.getResourceAsStream(xPath);
SAXReader sr = new SAXReader();
Document doc = sr.read(is);
List<Element> action = doc.selectNodes("//action");
for (Element actionEle : action) {
ActionModel am = new ActionModel();
am.setPath(actionEle.attributeValue("path"));
am.setType(actionEle.attributeValue("type"));
List<Element> forward = actionEle.selectNodes("forward");
for (Element forwardEle : forward) {
ForwardModel fm = new ForwardModel();
fm.setName(forwardEle.attributeValue("name"));
fm.setPath(forwardEle.attributeValue("path"));
fm.setRedirect(!"false".equals(forwardEle.attributeValue("redirect")));
am.push(fm);
}
cm.push(am);
}
return cm;
}
建模的详细介绍——>建模详解
3.2 Servlet
中央控制器
package com.xqx.framework;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import com.xqx.framework.model.ActionModel;
import com.xqx.framework.model.ConfigModel;
import com.xqx.framework.model.ConfigModelFactory;
import com.xqx.framework.model.ForwardModel;
/**
* 中央控制器 即工作流程图中的ActionServlet
*
* @author W许潜行 2023年6月29日 下午8:10:04
*/
@WebServlet("*.action")
public class DispatherServlet extends HttpServlet {
// Map<String,Action> mapAction=new HashMap<>();
// 之前子控制器在Map里,现在xml文件里
private ConfigModel configModel;
/**
* 初始化方法
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
// mapAction.put("/book", new BookAction());
try {
// 包含所有子控制器
configModel = ConfigModelFactory.build();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
super.init();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 得到传过来的路径名
String uri = request.getRequestURI();// /J2EE_MVC/book.action
// 得到请求的类
uri = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/"), uri.lastIndexOf("."));// /book
// 拿到对应的type
ActionModel actionModel = configModel.pop(uri);
if (actionModel == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("action is null");
}
String type = actionModel.getType();
try {
// 类实例
Action action = (Action) Class.forName(type).newInstance();
if (action instanceof ModelDriver) {
ModelDriver md=(ModelDriver) action;
Object model = md.getModel();
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
BeanUtils.populate(model, parameterMap);
}
// 调用方法 list/toList
String execute = action.execute(request, response);
// 为了动态配置业务代码执行完毕将会转发/重定向到指定页面
ForwardModel forwardModel = actionModel.pop(execute);
if (forwardModel == null) {
System.out.println("定义跳转一个错误页面...");
return;
}
if (!forwardModel.isRedirect()) {
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/" + forwardModel.getPath());
} else {
request.getRequestDispatcher(forwardModel.getPath()).forward(request, response);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
init()方法用于初始化,在该方法中,从配置文件中构建了一个ConfigModel实例,该实例包含了所有的子控制器的配置信息。
在doPost()方法中,首先获取请求的URI,然后从URI中提取出请求的类名,即控制器名称。
根据控制器名称从configModel中获取相应的ActionModel对象,ActionModel对象包含了具体控制器的配置信息,包括控制器类的全名和该控制器的执行结果与转发/重定向的配置。
根据ActionModel对象中的控制器类名实例化一个控制器对象,并判断控制器是否实现了ModelDriver接口,如果实现了,将请求参数封装到模型对象中。调用控制器的execute()方法执行具体的业务逻辑,返回执行结果。
根据执行结果从ActionModel对象中获取相应的ForwardModel对象,ForwardModel对象包含了执行结果对应的转发/重定向路径的配置信息。
根据ForwardModel对象判断是进行转发还是重定向操作,然后将请求转发或重定向到相应的页面。
如果没有找到对应的ActionModel或ForwardModel,则打印错误信息。
子控制器
package com.xqx.framework;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 子控制器,真正处理请求的类
*
*
* @author W许潜行 2023年6月29日 下午8:17:41
*/
public class Action {
public String execute(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 拿到jsp传来的method
String method = request.getParameter("method");
String res = null;
try {
Method m = this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(method, HttpServletRequest.class, HttpServletResponse.class);
m.setAccessible(true);
//拿到方法返回的值 list/toList
res = (String) m.invoke(this, request, response);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return res;//
}
}
该Action类的作用是通过动态调用不同的方法来执行不同的业务逻辑,并根据方法的返回值作为执行结果返回给调用者。
模型驱动接口
package com.xqx.framework;
/**模型驅動接口
* @author W许潜行
* 2023年7月2日 下午7:17:02
* @param <T>
*/
public interface ModelDriver<T> {
T getModel();
}
BookAction
package com.xqx.framework;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.xqx.entity.Book;
/**
* 定义crud方法
*
* @author W许潜行 2023年6月29日 下午8:55:46
*/
public class BookAction extends Action implements ModelDriver<Book>{
Book book=new Book();
public String list(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
// String bid = request.getParameter("bid");
// String bname = request.getParameter("bname");
// String price = request.getParameter("price");
// book.setBid(Integer.valueOf(bid));
// book.setBname(bname);
// book.setPrice(Float.valueOf(price));
//得到所有参数
// Map<String, String[]> bookMap = request.getParameterMap();
request.setAttribute("content", "hello");
System.out.println("BookActionlist");
return "toList";
}
public String upd(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
request.setAttribute("content", "hello");
System.out.println("BookActionupd");
return "list";
}
public String del(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
request.setAttribute("content", "hello");
System.out.println("BookActiondel");
return "list";
}
public String add(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
request.setAttribute("content", "hello");
System.out.println("BookActionadd");
return "list";
}
@Override
public Book getModel() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return book;
}
}
通过继承Action类和实现ModelDriver接口,BookAction类提供了具体的业务方法,并且通过实现getModel()方法,将创建的Book对象作为模型对象,方便在控制器中使用和操作。
这样,当请求调用BookAction类的方法时,可以进行相应的业务处理,并将结果封装到模型中,方便在JSP中展示或进行后续操作。
3.3 jsp
bookList.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>极易MVC</h1>
<a href="bookAdd.action">新增</a>
<a href="bookDel.action">删除</a>
<a href="bookUpd.action">修改</a>
<a href="bookList.action">查看</a>
<hr>
<h1>简易MVC</h1>
<a href="book.action?method=add">新增</a>
<a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a>
<a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a>
<a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a>
<hr>
<h1>普易MVC</h1>
<a href="book.action?method=add">新增</a>
<a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a>
<a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a>
<a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a>
</body>
<h1>MVC架构简单实现</h1>
<a href="book.action?method=add">新增</a>
<a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a>
<a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a>
<a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a>
</body>
<h1>MVC架构初实现</h1>
<a href="book.action?method=add&&bid=1&&bname=aa&&price=9.9">新增</a>
<a href="book.action?method=del">删除</a>
<a href="book.action?method=upd">修改</a>
<a href="book.action?method=list">查看</a>
</body>
</html>
res.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
res页面,参数为:${content}
</body>
</html>
打印结果:
点击新增:
文章来源:https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-531313.html
点击查看:
文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-531313.html
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