Springboot+JdbcTemplate模拟SQL注入攻击案例及解决方法

说明

SQL注入是软件开发项目测试过程中必测项，重要等级极高。本文以springboot项目为例，模拟含有SQL注入攻击，并提供解决方法。部分内容整理自网络。

搭建项目

1.创建表tbuser

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tbuser`;
CREATE TABLE `tbuser`  (
  `username` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_unicode_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of tbuser
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `tbuser` VALUES ('admin');
INSERT INTO `tbuser` VALUES ('zhangsan');
INSERT INTO `tbuser` VALUES ('lisi');

2.创建工程

• pom.xml

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!-- fastjson -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

• application.yml

spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    username: root
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&serverTimezone=GMT&useSSL=false
    password: root123
server:
  port: 8081

logging:
  level:
    org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate: DEBUG

• 实体类

public class User {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

• DAO接口实现类

public interface UserDao {
    public List<User> findUser(String name);
    public List<User> findUserSec(String name);
}

@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    @Autowired
    private NamedParameterJdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    /**
     * 字符串拼接方式，有注入漏洞
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public List<User> findUser(String name) {
        List<User> myUserList= new ArrayList<>();
        String sql="select * from tbuser where username ='"+name+"'";
        Map<String, Object> param = new HashMap<>();
        List<Map<String, Object>> mapList=new ArrayList<>();
        mapList=jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql,param);
        for(int i=0;i<mapList.size();i++){
            Map<String,Object> testmap= mapList.get(i);
            User myuser=new User();
            myuser.setName((String) testmap.get("username"));
            myUserList.add(myuser);
        }
        return myUserList;
    }

    /**
     *  预编译方式，执行会报错
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public List<User> findUserSec(String name) {
        List<User> myUserList= new ArrayList<>();
        String sql="select * from tbuser where username =:name";
        Map<String, Object> param = new HashMap<>();
        param.put("name",name);
        List<Map<String, Object>> mapList=new ArrayList<>();
        mapList=jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql,param);
        for(int i=0;i<mapList.size();i++){
            Map<String,Object> testmap= mapList.get(i);
            User myuser=new User();
            myuser.setName((String) testmap.get("username"));
            myUserList.add(myuser);
        }
        return myUserList;
    }
}

• service接口实现

public interface UserService {
    public List<User> findUser(String name);
    public List<User> findUserSec(String name);
}

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;
    @Override
    public List<User> findUser(String name) {
        return userDao.findUser(name);
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> findUserSec(String name) {
        return userDao.findUserSec(name);
    }
}

• controller

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    
    @PostMapping("/user")
    public List<User> findUser(@RequestBody  User user){
        return userService.findUser(user.getName());
    }
    
    @PostMapping("/usersec")
    public List<User> findUserSec(@RequestBody  User user){
        return userService.findUserSec(user.getName());
    }
}

SQL注入测试

可以看到明明只查admin，拼接后返回了所有用户信息，造成用户信息泄露！！！

解决方法

方式1：绑定变量

采用预编译绑定变量方式，避免SQL拼接。

String sql="select * from tbuser where username =:name";
Map<String, Object> param = new HashMap<>();
param.put("name",name);

方式2：全局过滤器

package com.demo.jdbcinject.config;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver;

import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

/**
 * @Author laoxu
 * @Date 2023/3/15 23:09
 * @Desc xxx
 */
@Slf4j
public class XssHttpServletRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
    /**
     * post请求体
     */
    private byte[] body;

    /**
     * 是否是文件上传
     */
    private boolean fileUpload = false;

    /**
     * sql注入正则
     */
    private static String badStrReg =
            "\\b(and|or)\\b.{1,6}?(=|>|<|\\bin\\b|\\blike\\b)|\\/\\*.+?\\*\\/|<\\s*script\\b|\\bEXEC\\b|UNION.+?SELECT|UPDATE.+?SET|INSERT\\s+INTO.+?VALUES|(SELECT|DELETE).+?FROM|(CREATE|ALTER|DROP|TRUNCATE)\\s+(TABLE|DATABASE)";

    /**
     * xss脚本正则
     */
    private final static Pattern[] scriptPatterns = {
            Pattern.compile("<script>(.*?)</script>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
            Pattern.compile("src[\r\n]*=[\r\n]*\\\'(.*?)\\\'", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL),
            Pattern.compile("</script>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
            Pattern.compile("<script(.*?)>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL),
            Pattern.compile("eval\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL),
            Pattern.compile("expression\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL),
            Pattern.compile("javascript:", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
            Pattern.compile("vbscript:", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE),
            Pattern.compile("onload(.*?)=", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL)
    };

    public XssHttpServletRequestWrapper() {
        super(null);
    }

    /**
     * 构造函数 - 获取post请求体
     * @param httpservletrequest
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public XssHttpServletRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest httpservletrequest) throws IOException {
        super(httpservletrequest);
        String sessionStream = getBodyString(httpservletrequest);
        body = sessionStream.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }

    /**
     * 读取post请求体
     * @param httpservletrequest
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private String getBodyString(HttpServletRequest httpservletrequest) throws IOException {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        InputStream ins = httpservletrequest.getInputStream();
        boolean isMultipartContent = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(httpservletrequest);
        CommonsMultipartResolver commonsMultipartResolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver(httpservletrequest.getSession().getServletContext());
        boolean isMultipart = commonsMultipartResolver.isMultipart(httpservletrequest);
        if (isMultipartContent || isMultipart) {
            fileUpload = true;
        }
        try (BufferedReader isr = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(ins, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));) {
            String line = "";
            while ((line = isr.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(line);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw e;
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 过滤springmvc中的 @RequestParam 注解中的参数
     * @param s
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String[] getParameterValues(String s) {
        String[] str = super.getParameterValues(s);
        if (str == null) {
            return null;
        }
        int i = str.length;
        String[] as1 = new String[i];
        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
            as1[j] = cleanXSS(cleanSQLInject(str[j]));
        }
        log.info("XssHttpServletRequestWrapper净化后的请求为：========== {}", Arrays.toString(as1));
        return as1;
    }

    /**
     * 过滤request.getParameter的参数
     * @param s
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String getParameter(String s) {
        String s1 = super.getParameter(s);
        if (s1 == null) {
            return null;
        } else {
            String s2 = cleanXSS(cleanSQLInject(s1));
            log.info("XssHttpServletRequestWrapper净化后的请求为：========== {}",  s2);
            return s2;
        }
    }


    /**
     * 过滤请求体 json 格式的
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Override
    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
        // 非文件上传进行过滤
        if (!fileUpload) {
            // 获取body中的请求参数
            JSONObject json = JSONObject.parseObject(new String(body));
            // 校验并过滤xss攻击和sql注入
            for (String k : json.keySet()) {
                cleanSQLInject(cleanXSS(json.getString(k)));
            }
        }
        // 将请求体参数流转 -- 流读取一次就会消失,所以我们事先读取之后就存在byte数组里边方便流转
        final ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(body);
        return new ServletInputStream() {

            @Override
            public int read() throws IOException {
                return bais.read();
            }

            @Override
            public boolean isFinished() {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean isReady() {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public void setReadListener(ReadListener readListener) {
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * 清除xss
     * @param src 单个参数
     * @return
     */
    public String cleanXSS(String src) {
        String temp = src;
        // 校验xss脚本
        for (Pattern pattern : scriptPatterns) {
            temp = pattern.matcher(temp).replaceAll("");
        }
        // 校验xss特殊字符
        temp = temp.replaceAll("\0|\n|\r", "");
        temp = temp.replaceAll("<", "&lt;").replaceAll(">", "&gt;");

        if (!temp.equals(src)) {

            log.error("xss攻击检查：参数含有非法攻击字符，已禁止继续访问！！");
            log.error("原始输入信息-->" + temp);

            throw new RuntimeException("xss攻击检查：参数含有非法攻击字符，已禁止继续访问！！");
        }

        return src;
    }

    /**
     * 过滤sql注入 -- 需要增加通配，过滤大小写组合
     * @param src 单个参数值
     * @return
     */
    public String cleanSQLInject(String src) {
        // 非法sql注入正则
        Pattern sqlPattern = Pattern.compile(badStrReg, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
        if (sqlPattern.matcher(src.toLowerCase()).find()) {
            log.error("sql注入检查：输入信息存在SQL攻击！");
            throw new RuntimeException("sql注入检查：参数含有非法攻击字符，已禁止继续访问！！");
        }
        return src;
    }

}

package com.demo.jdbcinject.config;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author laoxu
 * @Date 2023/3/15 23:22
 * @Desc xxx
 */
@WebFilter(filterName = "xssFilter", urlPatterns = "/*", asyncSupported = true)
public class XSSFilter implements Filter {
    /**
     * 忽略权限检查的url地址
     */
    private final String[] excludeUrls = new String[]{
            "/login.html"
    };

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
            throws IOException, ServletException {

        HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) arg0;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) arg1;
        //获取请求你ip后的全部路径
        String uri = req.getRequestURI();
        //跳过不需要的Xss校验的地址
        for (String str : excludeUrls) {
            if (uri.contains(str)) {
                arg2.doFilter(arg0, response);
                return;
            }
        }
        //注入xss过滤器实例
        XssHttpServletRequestWrapper reqW = new XssHttpServletRequestWrapper(req);
        //过滤
        arg2.doFilter(reqW, response);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig1) throws ServletException {
    }

}

• 启动类注解

@SpringBootApplication
@ServletComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.demo.jdbcinject.config"})
public class WebApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(WebApplication.class, args);
    }

}

采用预编译接口测试

可以看到无论前端传入什么参数，后端采用绑定变量方式不会返回任何内容。

采用全局过滤器方式后测试

添加过滤器后再次访问，直接报错！！！
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