Lison
<dreamlison@163.com>
, v1.0.0
, 2023.06.22
七种模式介绍与代码演示
四大交换机
交换机概念
- 交换机可以理解成具有路由表的路由程序,仅此而已。每个消息都有一个称为路由键(routing key)的属性,就是一个简单的字符串。
- 最新版本的RabbitMQ有四种交换机类型,分别是Direct exchange、Fanout exchange、Topic exchange、Headers exchange。
- 交换机的作用: 生产者向broker(rabbitmq服务器)发送消息,交换机通过生产者绑定的路由键,将消息推送到不同的消息队列中。而消费者,只绑定队列,从队列中获取消息。
- 以上三种类型的发送精准顺序为:点对点类型 > 通配符类型 > 广播类型
四种交换机介绍
- 直连交换机(Direct exchange): 具有路由功能的交换机,绑定到此交换机的时候需要指定一个routing_key,交换机发送消息的时候需要routing_key,会将消息发送道对应的队列
- 扇形交换机(Fanout exchange): 广播消息到所有队列,没有任何处理,速度最快
-
主题交换机(Topic exchange): 在直连交换机基础上增加模式匹配,也就是对routing_key进行模式匹配,
*
代表一个单词,#
代表多个单词 - 首部交换机(Headers exchange): 忽略routing_key,使用Headers信息(一个Hash的数据结构)进行匹配,优势在于可以有更多更灵活的匹配规则
交换机参数
- name: 交换机名称
- type: 交换机类型 direct,topic,fanout,headers
- durability: 是否需要持久化,true 为持久化
- auto delete: 当最后一个绑定到 Exchange 上的队列被删除后,Exchange 就没有绑定的队列了,自动删除该 Exchange
- internal: 当前 Exchange 是否为内部交换机,默认为 false,客户端无法直接发送消息到这个交换机中,只能通过交换机路由到交换机这种方式
- arguments: 扩展参数,用于扩展 AMQP 协议自制定化使用
工作模式
简单模式(Hello World)
做最简单的事情,一个生产者对应一个消费者,RabbitMQ相当于一个消息代理,负责将A的消息转发给B
应用场景: 将发送的电子邮件放到消息队列,然后邮件服务在队列中获取邮件并发送给收件人
工作队列模式(Work queues)
在多个消费者之间分配任务(竞争的消费者模式),一个生产者对应多个消费者,一般适用于执行资源密集型任务,单个消费者处理不过来,需要多个消费者进行处理
应用场景: 一个订单的处理需要10s,有多个订单可以同时放到消息队列,然后让多个消费者同时处理,这样就是并行了,而不是单个消费者的串行情况
订阅模式(Publish/Subscribe)
一次向许多消费者发送消息,一个生产者发送的消息会被多个消费者获取,也就是将消息将广播到所有的消费者中。
应用场景: 更新商品库存后需要通知多个缓存和多个数据库,这里的结构应该是:
- 一个fanout类型交换机扇出两个个消息队列,分别为缓存消息队列、数据库消息队列
- 一个缓存消息队列对应着多个缓存消费者
- 一个数据库消息队列对应着多个数据库消费者
路由模式(Routing)
有选择地(Routing key)接收消息,发送消息到交换机并且要指定路由key ,消费者将队列绑定到交换机时需要指定路由key,仅消费指定路由key的消息
应用场景: 如在商品库存中增加了1台iphone12,iphone12促销活动消费者指定routing key为iphone12,只有此促销活动会接收到消息,其它促销活动不关心也不会消费此routing key的消息
主题模式(Topics)
根据主题(Topics)来接收消息,将路由key和某模式进行匹配,此时队列需要绑定在一个模式上,#
匹配一个词或多个词,*
只匹配一个词。
应用场景: 同上,iphone促销活动可以接收主题为iphone的消息,如iphone12、iphone13等
远程过程调用(RPC)
如果我们需要在远程计算机上运行功能并等待结果就可以使用RPC,具体流程可以看图。应用场景:需要等待接口返回数据,如订单支付
发布者确认(Publisher Confirms)
与发布者进行可靠的发布确认,发布者确认是RabbitMQ扩展,可以实现可靠的发布。在通道上启用发布者确认后,RabbitMQ将异步确认发送者发布的消息,这意味着它们已在服务器端处理。
应用场景: 对于消息可靠性要求较高,比如钱包扣款
代码演示
代码中没有对后面两种模式演示,有兴趣可以自己研究
简单模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class SimpleQueueSender {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
// queue:队列名
// durable:是否持久化
// exclusive:是否排外 即只允许该channel访问该队列 一般等于true的话用于一个队列只能有一个消费者来消费的场景
// autoDelete:是否自动删除 消费完删除
// arguments:其他属性
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
//消息内容
String message = "simplest mode message";
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x]Sent '" + message + "'");
//最后关闭通关和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class SimpleQueueReceiver {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// 获取连接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
System.out.println("----");
}
}
工作队列模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class QueueWorkReceiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// 获取连接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class QueueWorkReceiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// 获取连接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 同一时刻服务器只会发送一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class QueueWorkSender {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_work";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
String message = "work mode message" + i;
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");
Thread.sleep(i * 10);
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
发布订阅模式
package com.lison.upgrade.middleware.rabbitmq;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
public class PublishSubscribeReceive1 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
// 订阅消息的回调函数
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
};
// 消费者,有消息时出发订阅回调函数
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
package com.lison.upgrade.middleware.rabbitmq;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
public class PublishSubscribeReceive2 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
// 订阅消息的回调函数
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received2 '" + message + "'");
};
// 消费者,有消息时出发订阅回调函数
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class PublishSubscribeSender {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
String message = "publish subscribe message";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
路由模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class QueueRoutingReceiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 指定路由的key,接收key和key2
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2");
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class QueueRoutingReceiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_routing2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 仅接收key2
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2");
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class QueueRoutingSender {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "direct";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 交换机声明
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);
// 只有routingKey相同的才会消费
String message = "routing mode message";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key2", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");
// channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key", null, message.getBytes());
// System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
主题模式
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Receiver1 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 可以接收key.1
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.*");
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Receiver2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_topic2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// *号代表单个单词,可以接收key.1
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.*");
// #号代表多个单词,可以接收key.1.2
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "*.#");
channel.basicQos(1);
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" +
delivery.getEnvelope().getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Sender {
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_topic";
private final static String EXCHANGE_TYPE = "topic";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(5672);
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_TYPE);
String message = "topics model message with key.1";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.1", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");
String message2 = "topics model message with key.1.2";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "key.1.2", null, message2.getBytes());
System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message2 + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ
引入依赖基础配置
1、创建SpringBoot项目,引入RabbitMQ起步依赖
<!-- RabbitMQ起步依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、写配置文件
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5672
username: admin
password: 123456
virtual-host: /
#日志格式
logging:
pattern:
console: '%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %clr(%-5level) --- [%-15thread] %cyan(%-50logger{50}):%msg%n'
SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ时,需要在配置类创建队列和交换机,写法如下:
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
private final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "boot_topic_exchange";
private final String QUEUE_NAME = "boot_queue";
// 创建交换机
@Bean("bootExchange")
public Exchange getExchange() {
return ExchangeBuilder
.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME) // 交换机类型
.durable(true) // 是否持久化
.build();
}
// 创建队列
@Bean("bootQueue")
public Queue getMessageQueue() {
return new Queue(QUEUE_NAME); // 队列名
}
// 交换机绑定队列
@Bean
public Binding bindMessageQueue(@Qualifier("bootExchange") Exchange exchange, @Qualifier("bootQueue") Queue queue) {
return BindingBuilder
.bind(queue)
.to(exchange)
.with("#.message.#")
.noargs();
}
}
生产者
SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ时,提供了工具类RabbitTemplate发送消息,编写生产者时只需要注入RabbitTemplate即可发送消息。
@SpringBootTest
public class TestProducer {
// 注入RabbitTemplate工具类
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Test
public void testSendMessage(){
/**
* 发送消息
* 参数1:交换机
* 参数2:路由key
* 参数3:要发送的消息
*/
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("boot_topic_exchange","message","这个是生产者发送消息!");
}
}
文章来源:https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-607151.html
消费者
@Component
public class Consumer {
// 监听队列
@RabbitListener(queues = "boot_queue")
public void listen_message(String message){
System.out.println("发送短信:"+message);
}
}
启动项目,可以看到消费者会消费队列中的消息文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-607151.html
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