Java 实现微信支付详细教程

摘要：最近的一个项目中涉及到了支付业务，其中用到了微信支付和支付宝支付，在做的过程中也遇到些问题，所以现在总结梳理一下，分享给有需要的人，也为自己以后回顾留个思路。

一、微信支付接入准备工作：

首先，微信支付，只支持企业用户，个人用户是不能接入微信支付的，所以要想接入微信支付，首先需要有微信公众号，这个的企业才能申请。有了微信公众号，就能申请微信支付的相关内容，所以在准备开始写代码之前需要先把下面的这些参数申请好：公众账号ID、微信支付商户号、API密钥、AppSecret是APPID对应的接口密码、回调地址(回调必须保证外网能访问到此地址)、发起请求的电脑IP

二、微信支付流程说明：

有了上面提到的这些参数，那我们就可以接入微信支付了，下面我来看下微信支付的官方文档（https://pay.weixin.qq.com/wiki/doc/api/index.html）、访问该地址可以看到有多种支付方式可以选择，我们这里选择扫码支付的方式(https://pay.weixin.qq.com/wiki/doc/api/native.php?chapter=6_1)

这里我们选择模式二，下面看下模式二的时序图，如下图：

模式二与模式一相比，流程更为简单，不依赖设置的回调支付URL。商户后台系统先调用微信支付的统一下单接口，微信后台系统返回链接参数code_url，商户后台系统将code_url值生成二维码图片，用户使用微信客户端扫码后发起支付。注意：code_url有效期为2小时，过期后扫码不能再发起支付。

三、微信支付所需Maven依赖

    <!--微信支付SDK-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.wechatpay-apiv3</groupId>
            <artifactId>wechatpay-apache-httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>0.3.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- json处理器：引入gson依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 二维码 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
            <artifactId>core</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 生成二维码 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
            <artifactId>javase</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.3</version>
        </dependency>

四、配置文件添加微信支付所需参数

# 微信支付相关参数
wxpay:
  # 商户号
  mch-id: xxxxxxx
  # 商户API证书序列号
  mch-serial-no: xxxxxxxxxx
  # 商户私钥文件
  # 注意：该文件放在项目根目录下
  private-key-path: ./apiclient_key.pem
  # APIv3密钥
  api-v3-key: xxxxxxxx
  # APPID
  appid: xxxxxxc27e0e7cxxx
  # 微信服务器地址
  domain: https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com
  # 接收结果通知地址
  # 注意：每次重新启动ngrok，都需要根据实际情况修改这个配置
  notify-domain: https://c7c1-240e-3b5-3015-be0-1bc-9bed-fca4-d09b.ngrok.io

五、微信支付下单代码实现

1.Controller层

 /**
     * native下单
     */
    @ApiOperation(value = "native 微信支付下单 返回Image")
    @GetMapping("/native")
    public BaseRes<String> nativePay(@RequestParam("packageId") Integer packageId) {
        return wxPayService.nativePay(packageId);
    }

  /**
     * JSAPI下单
     */
    @ApiOperation(value = "JSAPI微信支付下单")
    @GetMapping("/jsapi")
    public BaseRes<String> jsapiPay(@RequestParam("packageId") Integer packageId,@RequestParam("openId") String openId) {
        return wxPayService.jsapiPay(packageId,openId);
    }

注意：packageId是套餐Id，可根据情况修改

2.Service层

   BaseRes<String> nativePay(Integer packageId);
   
   BaseRes<String> jsapiPay(Integer packageId, String openId);

3.实现层

    /**
     * Mavicat下单
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    @Override
    @SneakyThrows
    public BaseRes<String> nativePay(Integer packageId){

        log.info("发起Navicat支付请求");

        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(wxPayConfig.getDomain().concat(WxApiType.NATIVE_PAY.getType()));

        CloseableHttpResponse response = wxPayExecute(packageId, null, httpPost);

        try {
            String bodyAsString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());//响应体
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();//响应状态码
            if (statusCode == 200) { //处理成功
                log.info("成功, 返回结果 = " + bodyAsString);
            } else if (statusCode == 204) { //处理成功，无返回Body
                log.info("成功");
            } else {
                log.info("Native下单失败,响应码 = " + statusCode + ",返回结果 = " + bodyAsString);
                throw new IOException("request failed");
            }

            Gson gson = new Gson();

            //响应结果
            Map<String, String> resultMap = gson.fromJson(bodyAsString, HashMap.class);
            //二维码
            String codeUrl = resultMap.get("code_url");

            return new BaseRes<>(codeUrl,ServiceCode.SUCCESS);

            //生成二维码
//            WxPayUtil.makeQRCode(codeUrl);

        } finally {
            response.close();
        }
    }

  /**
     * JSAPI下单
     * @return
     */

    @Override
    @SneakyThrows
    public BaseRes<String> jsapiPay(Integer packageId, String openId) {

        log.info("发起Navicat支付请求");

        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(wxPayConfig.getDomain().concat(WxApiType.JSAPI_PAY.getType()));

        CloseableHttpResponse response = wxPayExecute(packageId, openId, httpPost);

        try {
            String bodyAsString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());//响应体
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();//响应状态码
            if (statusCode == 200) { //处理成功
                log.info("成功, 返回结果 = " + bodyAsString);
            } else if (statusCode == 204) { //处理成功，无返回Body
                log.info("成功");
            } else {
                log.info("JSAPI下单失败,响应码 = " + statusCode + ",返回结果 = " + bodyAsString);
                throw new IOException("request failed");
            }

            Gson gson = new Gson();

            //响应结果
            Map<String, String> resultMap = gson.fromJson(bodyAsString, HashMap.class);


            String prepayId = resultMap.get("prepay_id");

            return new BaseRes<>(prepayId,ServiceCode.SUCCESS);

        } finally {
            response.close();
        }
    }


 // 封装统一下单方法	
  private CloseableHttpResponse wxPayExecute(Integer packageId,String openId,HttpPost httpPost) throws IOException {

        // 获取套餐金额 还有相关信息
        ChatPackage chatPackage = chatPackageMapper.selectById(packageId);

        if (null == chatPackage) {
            throw new NingException(ServiceCode.FAILED);
        }

        BigDecimal amount = chatPackage.getAmount();

        if (null == amount || amount.equals(BigDecimal.ZERO)) {
            throw new NingException(ServiceCode.SUCCESS);
        }
		
		// 从登录信息中获取用户信息
        TokenUser loginUserInfo = CommUtils.getLoginUserInfo();
        Integer userId = loginUserInfo.getUserId();

        // 请求body参数
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        Map<String,Object> paramsMap = new HashMap<>();
        paramsMap.put("appid", wxPayConfig.getAppid());
        paramsMap.put("mchid", wxPayConfig.getMchId());
        paramsMap.put("description", chatPackage.getName());
        paramsMap.put("out_trade_no", WxPayUtil.generateOrderNumber(userId,packageId)); //订单号
        paramsMap.put("notify_url", wxPayConfig.getNotifyDomain().concat(WxApiType.NATIVE_NOTIFY.getType()));

        Map<String,Object> amountMap = new HashMap<>();
        //由单位：元 转换为单位：分，并由Bigdecimal转换为整型
        BigDecimal total = amount.multiply(new BigDecimal(100));

        amountMap.put("total", total.intValue());
        amountMap.put("currency", "CNY");

        paramsMap.put("amount", amountMap);

		// 判断是Navicat下单还是JSAPI下单 JSAPI需要传OPENID
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(openId)) {
            Map<String,Object> payerMap = new HashMap<>();
            payerMap.put("openid",openId);
            paramsMap.put("payer",payerMap);
        }


        JSONObject attachJson = new JSONObject();
        attachJson.put("packageId",packageId);
        attachJson.put("userId",userId);
        attachJson.put("total",total);

        paramsMap.put("attach",attachJson.toJSONString());


        //将参数转换成json字符串
        String jsonParams = gson.toJson(paramsMap);
        log.info("请求参数 ===> {}" , jsonParams);

        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParams, "utf-8");
        entity.setContentType("application/json");
        httpPost.setEntity(entity);
        httpPost.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");

        //完成签名并执行请求
        return wxPayClient.execute(httpPost);
    }

六、微信支付回调接口

1.Controller层

   /**
     * 支付通知
     * 微信支付通过支付通知接口将用户支付成功消息通知给商户
     */
    @ApiOperation(value = "支付通知", notes = "支付通知")
    @PostMapping("/pay/notify")
    @ClientAuthControl
    public WxRes nativeNotify() {
        return wxPayService.nativeNotify();
    }
    

2.Service层

    WxRes nativeNotify();

3.实现层

	@Resource
    private Verifier verifier;
    
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    @SneakyThrows
    @Transactional
    public WxRes nativeNotify() {
        HttpServletRequest request = CommUtils.getRequest();
        HttpServletResponse response = CommUtils.getResponse();

        Gson gson = new Gson();

        try {
            //处理通知参数
            String body = WxPayUtil.readData(request);
            Map<String, Object> bodyMap = gson.fromJson(body, HashMap.class);
            String requestId = (String) bodyMap.get("id");

            //签名的验证
            WechatPay2ValidatorForRequest wechatPay2ValidatorForRequest
                    = new WechatPay2ValidatorForRequest(verifier, requestId, body);
            if (wechatPay2ValidatorForRequest.validate(request)) {
                throw new RuntimeException();
            }

            log.info("通知验签成功");

            //处理订单
            processOrder(bodyMap);

            return new WxRes("SUCCESS","成功");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();

            response.setStatus(500);

            return new WxRes("FAIL","成功");
        }
    }

   /**
     * 处理订单
     *
     * @param bodyMap
     */
    @Transactional
    @SneakyThrows
    public void processOrder(Map<String, Object> bodyMap){
        log.info("处理订单");

        //解密报文
        String plainText = decryptFromResource(bodyMap);

        //将明文转换成map
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        HashMap plainTextMap = gson.fromJson(plainText, HashMap.class);
        String orderNo = (String) plainTextMap.get("out_trade_no");
        String attach = (String) plainTextMap.get("attach");
        JSONObject attachJson = JSONObject.parseObject(attach);
        Integer packageId = attachJson.getInteger("packageId");
        Integer userId = attachJson.getInteger("userId");
        Integer total = attachJson.getInteger("total");


        /*在对业务数据进行状态检查和处理之前，
        要采用数据锁进行并发控制，
        以避免函数重入造成的数据混乱*/
        //尝试获取锁：
        // 成功获取则立即返回true，获取失败则立即返回false。不必一直等待锁的释放
        if (lock.tryLock()) {
            try {

                log.info("plainText={}",plainText);

                //处理重复的通知
                //接口调用的幂等性：无论接口被调用多少次，产生的结果是一致的。
                String orderStatus = orderService.getOrderStatus(orderNo);
                if (!OrderStatus.NOTPAY.getType().equals(orderStatus)) {
                    return;
                }

				// TODO 修改订单状态、添加支付记录等
              


                // 通知前端用户 已完成支付
                messageSocketHandle.sendMessageByUserID(userId,new TextMessage("PaySuccess"));

            } finally {
                //要主动释放锁
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

	/**
     * 对称解密
     *
     * @param bodyMap
     * @return
     */

    @SneakyThrows
    private String decryptFromResource(Map<String, Object> bodyMap) {

        log.info("密文解密");

        //通知数据
        Map<String, String> resourceMap = (Map) bodyMap.get("resource");
        //数据密文
        String ciphertext = resourceMap.get("ciphertext");
        //随机串
        String nonce = resourceMap.get("nonce");
        //附加数据
        String associatedData = resourceMap.get("associated_data");

        AesUtil aesUtil = new AesUtil(wxPayConfig.getApiV3Key().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        //数据明文
        String plainText = aesUtil.decryptToString(associatedData.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8),
                nonce.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8),
                ciphertext);

        return plainText;
    }

七、工具类和相关配置类

1.WxPayUtil工具类

@Slf4j
public class WxPayUtil {

    private static final Random random = new Random();

	// 生成订单号
    public static String generateOrderNumber(int userId, int packageId) {
        // 获取当前时间戳
        long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();

        // 生成6位随机数
        int randomNum = random.nextInt(900000) + 100000;

        // 组装订单号
        return String.format("%d%d%d%d", timestamp, randomNum, userId, packageId);
    }


    /**
     * 生成二维码
     * @param url
     */
    public static void makeQRCode(String url){

        HttpServletResponse response = CommUtils.getResponse();

        //通过支付链接生成二维码
        HashMap<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>();
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.M);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 2);
        try {
            BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(url, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 200, 200, hints);
            MatrixToImageWriter.writeToStream(bitMatrix, "PNG", response.getOutputStream());
            System.out.println("创建二维码完成");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


    /**
     * 将通知参数转化为字符串
     *
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    public static String readData(HttpServletRequest request) {
        BufferedReader br = null;
        try {
            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
            br = request.getReader();
            for (String line; (line = br.readLine()) != null; ) {
                if (result.length() > 0) {
                    result.append("\n");
                }
                result.append(line);
            }
            return result.toString();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            if (br != null) {
                try {
                    br.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2.微信支付配置类

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "wxpay") //读取wxpay节点
@Data //使用set方法将wxpay节点中的值填充到当前类的属性中
@Slf4j
public class WxPayConfig {

    // 商户号
    private String mchId;

    // 商户API证书序列号
    private String mchSerialNo;

    // 商户私钥文件
    private String privateKeyPath;

    // APIv3密钥
    private String apiV3Key;

    // APPID
    private String appid;

    // 微信服务器地址
    private String domain;

    // 接收结果通知地址
    private String notifyDomain;

    /**
     * 获取商户的私钥文件
     *
     * @param filename
     * @return
     */
    private PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String filename) {

        try {
            return PemUtil.loadPrivateKey(new FileInputStream(filename));
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("私钥文件不存在", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取签名验证器
     *
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public ScheduledUpdateCertificatesVerifier getVerifier() {

        log.info("获取签名验证器");

        //获取商户私钥
        PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(privateKeyPath);

        //私钥签名对象
        PrivateKeySigner privateKeySigner = new PrivateKeySigner(mchSerialNo, privateKey);

        //身份认证对象
        WechatPay2Credentials wechatPay2Credentials = new WechatPay2Credentials(mchId, privateKeySigner);

        // 使用定时更新的签名验证器，不需要传入证书
        ScheduledUpdateCertificatesVerifier verifier = new ScheduledUpdateCertificatesVerifier(
                wechatPay2Credentials,
                apiV3Key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

        return verifier;
    }


    /**
     * 获取http请求对象
     *
     * @param verifier
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "wxPayClient")
    public CloseableHttpClient getWxPayClient(ScheduledUpdateCertificatesVerifier verifier) {

        log.info("获取httpClient");

        //获取商户私钥
        PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(privateKeyPath);

        WechatPayHttpClientBuilder builder = WechatPayHttpClientBuilder.create()
                .withMerchant(mchId, mchSerialNo, privateKey)
                .withValidator(new WechatPay2Validator(verifier));
        // ... 接下来，你仍然可以通过builder设置各种参数，来配置你的HttpClient

        // 通过WechatPayHttpClientBuilder构造的HttpClient，会自动的处理签名和验签，并进行证书自动更新
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = builder.build();

        return httpClient;
    }

    /**
     * 获取HttpClient，无需进行应答签名验证，跳过验签的流程
     */
    @Bean(name = "wxPayNoSignClient")
    public CloseableHttpClient getWxPayNoSignClient() {

        //获取商户私钥
        PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(privateKeyPath);

        //用于构造HttpClient
        WechatPayHttpClientBuilder builder = WechatPayHttpClientBuilder.create()
                //设置商户信息
                .withMerchant(mchId, mchSerialNo, privateKey)
                //无需进行签名验证、通过withValidator((response) -> true)实现
                .withValidator((response) -> true);

        // 通过WechatPayHttpClientBuilder构造的HttpClient，会自动的处理签名和验签，并进行证书自动更新
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = builder.build();

        log.info("== getWxPayNoSignClient END ==");

        return httpClient;
    }

}

3.微信支付枚举类

@AllArgsConstructor
@Getter
public enum WxApiType {

    /**
     * Native下单
     */
    NATIVE_PAY("/v3/pay/transactions/native"),

    /**
     * JSAPI下单
     */
    JSAPI_PAY("/v3/pay/transactions/jsapi"),

    /**
     * 查询订单
     */
    ORDER_QUERY_BY_NO("/v3/pay/transactions/out-trade-no/%s"),

    /**
     * 关闭订单
     */
    CLOSE_ORDER_BY_NO("/v3/pay/transactions/out-trade-no/%s/close"),

    /**
     * 支付通知
     */
    NATIVE_NOTIFY("/client/order/pay/notify");

    /**
     * 类型
     */
    private final String type;
}

4.签名验证类

@Slf4j
public class WechatPay2ValidatorForRequest {
    /**
     * 应答超时时间，单位为分钟
     */
    protected static final long RESPONSE_EXPIRED_MINUTES = 5;
    protected final Verifier verifier;
    protected final String requestId;
    protected final String body;


    public WechatPay2ValidatorForRequest(Verifier verifier, String requestId, String body) {
        this.verifier = verifier;
        this.requestId = requestId;
        this.body = body;
    }

    protected static IllegalArgumentException parameterError(String message, Object... args) {
        message = String.format(message, args);
        return new IllegalArgumentException("parameter error: " + message);
    }

    protected static IllegalArgumentException verifyFail(String message, Object... args) {
        message = String.format(message, args);
        return new IllegalArgumentException("signature verify fail: " + message);
    }

    public final boolean validate(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
        try {
            //处理请求参数
            validateParameters(request);

            //构造验签名串
            String message = buildMessage(request);

            String serial = request.getHeader(WECHAT_PAY_SERIAL);
            String signature = request.getHeader(WECHAT_PAY_SIGNATURE);

            //验签
            if (!verifier.verify(serial, message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), signature)) {
                throw verifyFail("serial=[%s] message=[%s] sign=[%s], request-id=[%s]",
                        serial, message, signature, requestId);
            }
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage());
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    protected final void validateParameters(HttpServletRequest request) {

        // NOTE: ensure HEADER_WECHAT_PAY_TIMESTAMP at last
        String[] headers = {WECHAT_PAY_SERIAL, WECHAT_PAY_SIGNATURE, WECHAT_PAY_NONCE, WECHAT_PAY_TIMESTAMP};

        String header = null;
        for (String headerName : headers) {
            header = request.getHeader(headerName);
            if (header == null) {
                throw parameterError("empty [%s], request-id=[%s]", headerName, requestId);
            }
        }

        //判断请求是否过期
        String timestampStr = header;
        try {
            Instant responseTime = Instant.ofEpochSecond(Long.parseLong(timestampStr));
            // 拒绝过期请求
            if (Duration.between(responseTime, Instant.now()).abs().toMinutes() >= RESPONSE_EXPIRED_MINUTES) {
                throw parameterError("timestamp=[%s] expires, request-id=[%s]", timestampStr, requestId);
            }
        } catch (DateTimeException | NumberFormatException e) {
            throw parameterError("invalid timestamp=[%s], request-id=[%s]", timestampStr, requestId);
        }
    }

    protected final String buildMessage(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
        String timestamp = request.getHeader(WECHAT_PAY_TIMESTAMP);
        String nonce = request.getHeader(WECHAT_PAY_NONCE);
        return timestamp + "\n"
                + nonce + "\n"
                + body + "\n";
    }

    protected final String getResponseBody(CloseableHttpResponse response) throws IOException {
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        return (entity != null && entity.isRepeatable()) ? EntityUtils.toString(entity) : "";
    }

}

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