【Windows系统编程】01.文件与目录操作-笔记-Toy模板网

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本专栏从这篇文章开始做Windows系统编程的笔记，本章主要讲解：Windows文件操作（读写文件，删除文件，拷贝文件，移动文件等），目录操作（遍历目录，删除目录等）硬盘的一点小知识。
参考书：Windows核心编程

文件，内核对象

#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>

int main()
{
	//打开文件或I/O设备
	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(L"E:\\Test A\\111.txt",   //文件名
		GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,                   //打开方式
		NULL,                                           //共享模式，这里NULL是独占
		NULL,                                           //安全属性
		OPEN_ALWAYS,                                    //要对存在或不存在的文件或设备进行的操作
		FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,                          //文件或设备属性
		NULL
	);

	//INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE宏是微软提出的专门用于判断句柄是否有效的宏
	if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
		std::cout << "CreateFile Failed!" << std::endl;
	}

	//定义我们要写入文件的字符串
	CHAR* szBuffer[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
	memcpy(szBuffer, "Hello Windows File!", sizeof("Hello Windows File!"));

	DWORD dwNumberOfBytesWritten = 0;
	BOOL bRet = WriteFile(
		hFile,                    //文件句柄
		szBuffer,                 //字符串地址
		sizeof("Hello Windows File!"),//写入文件大小
		&dwNumberOfBytesWritten,
		NULL
	);

	if (!bRet) {
		std::cout << "WriteFile Faild!" << std::endl;
	}

	CloseHandle(hFile);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

上述的是没有错误的操作流程

如果文件已经存在的话，就会出现错误

我们在开发过程中，如何定位错误？

监视->添加监视：err,hr

这样，如果出现错误，错误原因也就会显示了

或者，复制错误码，在工具：错误查找中，查找错误原因

或者：

std::cout<<GetLaseError()<<std::endl;
这样会直接打印出错误码

读文件：

#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>

int main()
{
	//打开文件或I/O设备
	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(L"E:\\Test A\\111.txt",   //文件名
		GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,                   //打开方式
		NULL,                                           //共享模式，这里NULL是独占
		NULL,                                           //安全属性
		OPEN_ALWAYS,                                    //要对存在或不存在的文件或设备进行的操作
		FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,                          //文件或设备属性
		NULL
	);

	//INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE宏是微软提出的专门用于判断句柄是否有效的宏
	if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
		std::cout << "CreateFile Failed!" << std::endl;
	}

	//获取文件大小
	LARGE_INTEGER lpFileSize;
	/*
	typedef union _LARGE_INTEGER {
		struct {
			DWORD LowPart;
			LONG HighPart;
		} DUMMYSTRUCTNAME;
		struct {
			DWORD LowPart;
			LONG HighPart;
		} u;
		LONGLONG QuadPart;
	} LARGE_INTEGER;
	*/
	if (!GetFileSizeEx(hFile, &lpFileSize
		)) {
		std::cout << "GetFileSize Failed!" << std::endl;
		std::cout << "错误码：" << GetLastError() << std::endl;
	}

	//定义我们要读出文件的字符串
	CHAR* szBuffer = new CHAR[lpFileSize.LowPart + 1];
	memset(szBuffer, 0, lpFileSize.LowPart + 1);

	DWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead;
	BOOL bRet = ReadFile(hFile,
		szBuffer,
		lpFileSize.LowPart,
		&lpNumberOfBytesRead,
		NULL
	);

	if (bRet) {
		std::cout << szBuffer << std::endl;
	}
	else {
		std::cout << "ReadFile Faild!" << std::endl;
	}

	CloseHandle(hFile);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

移动文件：

	//移动文件
	if (MoveFile(L"E:\\Test A\\111.txt", L"E:\\Test B\\222.txt")) {
		std::cout << "移动成功" << std::endl;
	}
	else {
		std::cout << "移动失败！" << std::endl;
	}

	//删除文件
	if (DeleteFile(L"E:\\Test B\\222.txt")) {
		std::cout << "删除成功" << std::endl;
	}
	else {
		std::cout << "删除失败！" << std::endl;
	}

	//拷贝文件
	if (CopyFile(L"E:\\Test B\\222 - 副本.txt", L"E:\\Test A\\111.txt", TRUE)) {
		std::cout << "移动成功" << std::endl;
	}
	else {
		std::cout << "移动失败！" << std::endl;
	}

	//创建新目录：
	CreateDirectory(L"E:\\Test C", NULL);
	//删除目录（只能删除空目录）：
	RemoveDirectory(L"E:\\Test C");

	//遍历文件目录：
	WIN32_FIND_DATAW FindFileData;
	HANDLE hFile = FindFirstFile(L"E:\\*", &FindFileData);

	if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
		std::cout << "FindFirstFile Failed" << std::endl;
	}

	do {
		//判断是否为目录：
		if (FindFileData.dwFileAttributes&FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
			std::cout << "(Directory)";
		}

		std::cout << FindFileData.cFileName << ":";
		
		//处理时间：
		SYSTEMTIME Systime;
		FileTimeToSystemTime(&FindFileData.ftCreationTime, &Systime);
		std::cout << Systime.wYear << "-" << Systime.wMonth << "-" << Systime.wDay << "-" << Systime.wHour << "-" << Systime.wMinute << std::endl;


	} while (FindNextFile(hFile, &FindFileData));

.：当前路径

…：上级路径

一般如果想要遍历C盘文件，需要手动提权，或者：

属性页-连接器-清单文件，UAC执行级别：设置高级

获取单个文件详细信息

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>

int main(){
	//获取单个文件详细信息：
	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(L"E:\\Test A\\111.txt", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, NULL, NULL, OPWN_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
	BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION bhFileInfo;
	GetFileInformationByHandle(hFile, &bhFileInfo);
  std::cout<<......<<std::endl;
  system("pause");
  return 0;
}

盘符

A-Z

Z之后，挂硬盘挂不上去

A，B盘是软盘

获取磁盘类型：

UINT uRet = GetDriveType("C:");

查询磁盘相关信息：

GetVolumeInformation()

获取磁盘大小：

GetDiskFreeSpace("D:\\",...)

硬盘（卷）GUIID：文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-645855.html

char szvolume[MAX_PATH]={0};
HANDLE hVolume = FindFirstVolume(szVolume,MAX_PATH);
std::cout<<szVolume<<std::endl;
while(FindNextVolume(hVolume,szVolume,MAX_PATH)){
  std::cout<<szVolume<<std::endl;
}
FindVolumeClostd(hVolume);

作业

自己实现拷贝文件功能（CopyFile）

BOOL MyCopyFile(LPCWSTR Src, LPCWSTR New,BOOL nFlag)
{
	HANDLE hSrcFile = NULL;
	switch (nFlag) {
	case FALSE: {
		hSrcFile = CreateFile(Src, GENERIC_READ, NULL, NULL, OPEN_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
		if (hSrcFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
			std::cout << "CreateFile Failed" << std::endl;
			return FALSE;
		}
	}
	case TRUE: {
		hSrcFile = CreateFile(Src, GENERIC_READ, NULL, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
		if (hSrcFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
			std::cout << "CreateFile Failed" << std::endl;
			return FALSE;
		}
	}
	}

	LARGE_INTEGER lpFileSize;
	if (!GetFileSizeEx(hSrcFile, &lpFileSize)) {
		std::cout << "GetFileSize Failed" << std::endl;
		std::cout << GetLastError() << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}

	CHAR* szBuffer = new CHAR[lpFileSize.LowPart + 1];
	if (szBuffer == nullptr) {
		std::cout << "申请内存失败！" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}
	memset(szBuffer, 0, lpFileSize.LowPart + 1);

	DWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead;
	BOOL bRet = ReadFile(hSrcFile, szBuffer, lpFileSize.LowPart, &lpNumberOfBytesRead, NULL);
	if (!bRet) {
		std::cout << "ReadFile Failed!" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}

	HANDLE hNewFile = CreateFile(New, GENERIC_WRITE, NULL, NULL, OPEN_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
	if (hNewFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
		std::cout << "CreateFile Failed!" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}

	DWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten;
	bRet = WriteFile(hNewFile, szBuffer, lpFileSize.LowPart, &lpNumberOfBytesWritten, NULL);
	if (!bRet) {
		std::cout << "WriteFile Failed!" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}

	CloseHandle(hSrcFile);
	CloseHandle(hNewFile);
	delete(szBuffer);
	return TRUE;
}

自己实现移动文件（MoveFile）功能

BOOL MyMoveFile(LPCWSTR Src, LPCWSTR New)
{
	HANDLE hSrcFile = CreateFile(Src, GENERIC_READ, NULL, NULL, OPEN_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
	if (hSrcFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
		std::cout << "CreateFile Failed" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}

	LARGE_INTEGER lpFileSize;
	if (!GetFileSizeEx(hSrcFile, &lpFileSize)) {
		std::cout << "GetFileSize Failed" << std::endl;
		std::cout << GetLastError() << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}

	CHAR* szBuffer = new CHAR[lpFileSize.LowPart + 1];
	if (szBuffer == nullptr) {
		std::cout << "申请内存失败！" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}
	memset(szBuffer, 0, lpFileSize.LowPart + 1);

	DWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead;
	BOOL bRet = ReadFile(hSrcFile, szBuffer, lpFileSize.LowPart, &lpNumberOfBytesRead, NULL);
	if (!bRet) {
		std::cout << "ReadFile Failed!" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}

	HANDLE hNewFile = CreateFile(New, GENERIC_WRITE, NULL, NULL, OPEN_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
	if (hNewFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
		std::cout << "CreateFile Failed!" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}

	DWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten;
	bRet = WriteFile(hNewFile, szBuffer, lpFileSize.LowPart, &lpNumberOfBytesWritten, NULL);
	if (!bRet) {
		std::cout << "WriteFile Failed!" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}

	DeleteFile(Src);

	CloseHandle(hSrcFile);
	CloseHandle(hNewFile);
	delete(szBuffer);
	return TRUE;
}

自己实现一个删除非空目录的函数

void ReadDirectory(LPCWSTR lpDirectory)
{
	WIN32_FIND_DATAW FindFileData;
	HANDLE hFile = FindFirstFile((std::wstring(lpDirectory) + L"\\*").c_str(), &FindFileData);

	if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
		std::wcout << "FindFirstFile Failed" << std::endl;
		return;
	}

	do {
		// 判断是否为目录：
		if (FindFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
			if (wcscmp(FindFileData.cFileName, L".") != 0 && wcscmp(FindFileData.cFileName, L"..") != 0) {
				// 构建新的路径并递归调用
				std::wstring newPath = std::wstring(lpDirectory) + L"\\" + FindFileData.cFileName;
				ReadDirectory(newPath.c_str());

				// 在递归之后删除目录
				RemoveDirectory(newPath.c_str());
			}
		}
		else {
			// 构建文件的完整路径
			std::wstring filePath = std::wstring(lpDirectory) + L"\\" + FindFileData.cFileName;

			// 删除文件
			if (DeleteFile(filePath.c_str())) {
				std::wcout << "Deleted: " << filePath << std::endl;
			}
			else {
				std::wcout << "Failed to delete: " << filePath << std::endl;
			}
		}
	} while (FindNextFile(hFile, &FindFileData));
	RemoveDirectory(lpDirectory);
	FindClose(hFile);
}

自己实现递归遍历文件的函数

void ReadDirectory(LPCWSTR lpDirectory, int nCount = 0)
{
	WIN32_FIND_DATAW FindFileData;
	HANDLE hFile = FindFirstFile((std::wstring(lpDirectory) + L"\\*").c_str(), &FindFileData);

	if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
		std::wcout << "FindFirstFile Failed" << std::endl;
		return;
	}

	do {
		// 判断是否为目录：
		if (FindFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
			if (wcscmp(FindFileData.cFileName, L".") != 0 && wcscmp(FindFileData.cFileName, L"..") != 0) {
				std::wcout << std::wstring(nCount, L' ') << "(Directory) ";
				std::wcout << FindFileData.cFileName << ":";

				// 处理时间：
				SYSTEMTIME Systime;
				FileTimeToSystemTime(&FindFileData.ftCreationTime, &Systime);
				std::wcout << Systime.wYear << "-" << Systime.wMonth << "-" << Systime.wDay
					<< "-" << Systime.wHour << "-" << Systime.wMinute << std::endl;

				// 构建新的路径并递归调用
				std::wstring newPath = std::wstring(lpDirectory) + L"\\" + FindFileData.cFileName;
				ReadDirectory(newPath.c_str(), nCount + 1);
			}
		}
		else {
			std::wcout << std::wstring(nCount, L' ');
			std::wcout << FindFileData.cFileName << ":";

			// 处理时间：
			SYSTEMTIME Systime;
			FileTimeToSystemTime(&FindFileData.ftCreationTime, &Systime);
			std::wcout << Systime.wYear << "-" << Systime.wMonth << "-" << Systime.wDay
				<< "-" << Systime.wHour << "-" << Systime.wMinute << std::endl;
		}
	} while (FindNextFile(hFile, &FindFileData));

	FindClose(hFile);
}

遍历某一个文件夹的文件后，对其加密（异或）（虚拟机实验）

// 加密文件夹.cpp : 此文件包含 "main" 函数。程序执行将在此处开始并结束。
//

#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <string>

BOOL EncipherFile(LPCWSTR lpDirectory);
BOOL EncipherDocument(LPCWSTR lpDirectory);

int main()
{
	if (EncipherFile(L"E:\\Test")) {
		std::cout << L"加密完成" << std::endl;
	}
	else {
		std::cout << L"加密失败" << std::endl;
	}
}

BOOL EncipherFile(LPCWSTR lpDirectory)
{
	WIN32_FIND_DATAW FindFileData;
	HANDLE hFile = FindFirstFile((std::wstring(lpDirectory) + L"\\*").c_str(), &FindFileData);

	if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
		std::wcout << "FindFirstFile Failed" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}

	do {
		// 判断是否为目录：
		if (FindFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
			if (wcscmp(FindFileData.cFileName, L".") != 0 && wcscmp(FindFileData.cFileName, L"..") != 0) {
				// 构建新的路径并递归调用
				std::wstring newPath = std::wstring(lpDirectory) + L"\\" + FindFileData.cFileName;
				EncipherFile(newPath.c_str());
			}
		}
		else {
			// 构建文件的完整路径
			std::wstring filePath = std::wstring(lpDirectory) + L"\\" + FindFileData.cFileName;

			// 加密文件
			if (EncipherDocument(filePath.c_str())) {
				std::wcout << L"Successfull Encipher" << filePath << std::endl;
			}
			else {
				std::wcout << "Failed to Encipher: " << filePath << std::endl;
			}
		}
	} while (FindNextFile(hFile, &FindFileData));

	FindClose(hFile);

	return TRUE;
}

BOOL EncipherDocument(LPCWSTR lpDirectory)
{
	BOOL bRet;
	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(lpDirectory, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, NULL, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
	if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
		return FALSE;
	}

	//获取文件大小
	LARGE_INTEGER FileSize;
	bRet = GetFileSizeEx(hFile, &FileSize);
	if (!bRet) {
		std::cout << "Faild to GetFileSize" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}

	CHAR* szBuffer = new CHAR[FileSize.LowPart + 1];
	memset(szBuffer, 0, FileSize.LowPart + 1);

	//读文件
	DWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead;
	bRet = ReadFile(hFile, szBuffer, FileSize.LowPart, &lpNumberOfBytesRead, NULL);
	if (!bRet) {
		std::cout << L"Failed to ReadFile" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}

	for (size_t i = 0; i < FileSize.LowPart; i++)
	{
		szBuffer[i] ^= 'a';
	}

	//移动文件指针
	SetFilePointer(hFile, 0, NULL, FILE_BEGIN);

	//写入文件
	DWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten;
	bRet = WriteFile(hFile, szBuffer, FileSize.LowPart, &lpNumberOfBytesWritten, NULL);
	if (!bRet) {
		std::cout << L"Failed to WriteFile!" << std::endl;
		return FALSE;
	}
	std::cout << "Successful Enciph：" << lpDirectory << std::endl;

	CloseHandle(hFile);
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <winodws.h>

int main(){
  //ASCII UNICODE
  //相互转换：
  Windows API都有版本: A W EX
  ASCII UNICODE 拓展版本
  
  MessageBox()
  
  system("pause");
  return 0;
}