容器和云原生（三）：kubernetes搭建与使用-Toy模板网

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单机K8S

docker

containerd

image依赖

kubeadm初始化

验证

crictl工具

K8S核心组件

上文安装单机docker是很简单docker，但是生产环境需要多个主机，主机上启动多个docker容器，相同容器会绑定形成1个服务service，微服务场景中多个service会互相调用，那么就需要保证多个service服务的编排、高可用、负载均衡，docker提供了自己的解决方案：docker-compose + docker-swarm，也可以不用docker提供的解决方案，自己通过Nginx+服务网关+HaProxy实现。

但是基本上所有线上生产环境都是用K8S来服务治理，这也被认为是标准答案，K8S从V1.24版本不支持docker而是contained做为默认容器管理，contained实际上是轻量化的docker，本次搭建k8s+containerd的集群，因此k8s多节点集群相对繁琐且有资源要求，本次单机搭建。

单机K8S

2022年k8s的1.24版本正式剔除dockershim，不再支持让docker去调用containerd，而是直接操作containerd，先安装containerd来替换CRI接口调用，本次使用最新版本v1.28.0；

容器和云原生（三）：kubernetes搭建与使用,# 容器和云原生,云原生,kubernetes,容器

docker

安装docker用于后续依赖 image拉取；

containerd

# 下载 containerd
wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.6.19/containerd-1.6.19-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# 下载contained服务
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/main/containerd.service -o /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service
# 启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable containerd
# 配置文件
mkdir /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 需要镜像地址为国内的
vi /etc/containerd/config.toml
将 sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.6"
修改为 sandbox_image = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"
# 配置镜像加速器，在 [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors] 后面增加两行配置，注意缩进
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."docker.io"]
    endpoint = ["http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."*"]
    endpoint = ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]
# 启动服务
systemctl restart containerd

image依赖

kubeadm：用来初始化集群的指令，kubelet在集群中的每个节点上用来启动 Pod 和容器等，kubectl：用来与集群通信的命令行工具，步骤中的docker image安装可以不用；

# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
# 增加yum源
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
# yum 安装
yum makecache all
yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
# 启动kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
# docker依赖安装(可选)
vi install.sh
#!/bin/bash
images=(
    kube-apiserver:v1.28.0
    kube-controller-manager:v1.13.2
    kube-scheduler:v1.28.0
    kube-proxy:v1.28.0
    pause:3.6
    etcd:3.2.24
    coredns:1.2.6
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
    docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/${imageName}
    docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/${imageName} k8s.gcr.io/${imageName}
    docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/${imageName}
done
# 运行install.sh(可选)
sh -x install.sh
# 查看镜像(可选)
docker images
REPOSITORY                           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver            v1.28.0             bb5e0dde9054        2 days ago          126 MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager   v1.28.0             4be79c38a4ba        2 days ago          122 MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler            v1.28.0             f6f496300a2a        2 days ago          60.1 MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy                v1.28.0             ea1030da44aa        2 days ago          73.1 MB
docker.io/becivells/soar-web         latest              93daf9d511a1        11 months ago       134 MB
k8s.gcr.io/coredns                   1.2.6               f59dcacceff4        4 years ago         40 MB
k8s.gcr.io/etcd                      3.2.24              3cab8e1b9802        4 years ago         220 MB
k8s.gcr.io/pause                     3.1                 da86e6ba6ca1        5 years ago         742 kB

# 网络
vi /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

kubeadm初始化

# 使用root启动设置环境变量
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
# 初始化
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=10.121.198.235 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version=v1.28.0   --service-cidr=172.96.0.0/12 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

验证

# 查看集群信息
kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://10.121.198.235:6443
CoreDNS is running at https://10.121.198.235:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

# 查看pod信息
get pod -n kube-system
NAME                                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-66f779496c-d4rk9                        1/1     Running   0          71m
coredns-66f779496c-fvmzn                        1/1     Running   0          71m
etcd-localhost.localdomain                      1/1     Running   0          71m
kube-apiserver-localhost.localdomain            1/1     Running   0          71m
kube-controller-manager-localhost.localdomain   1/1     Running   0          71m
kube-proxy-tr75q                                1/1     Running   0          71m
kube-scheduler-localhost.localdomain            1/1     Running   0          71m

crictl工具

# 安装 containerd 的 cli 管理工具（此步骤是非必选项）
# 官方文档https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/blob/master/docs/crictl.md
# 下载解压
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/v1.26.0/crictl-v1.26.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf crictl-v1.26.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin
# 创建配置文件，运行 crictl config 命令可获取参数说明
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/crictl.yaml
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 2
debug: false
pull-image-on-create: false
disable-pull-on-run: false
EOF
# 测试
crictl pods
POD ID              CREATED             STATE               NAME                                            NAMESPACE           ATTEMPT             RUNTIME
c9f1f5a8e5f3b       About an hour ago   Ready               coredns-66f779496c-fvmzn                        kube-system         0                   (default)
92acc7d225059       About an hour ago   Ready               coredns-66f779496c-d4rk9                        kube-system         0                   (default)
2fdff0229921a       About an hour ago   Ready               kube-proxy-tr75q                                kube-system         0                   (default)
8cad99418e8dd       About an hour ago   Ready               kube-apiserver-localhost.localdomain            kube-system         0                   (default)
2f366285dbe4e       About an hour ago   Ready               kube-controller-manager-localhost.localdomain   kube-system         0                   (default)
ab2fb7aa95e40       About an hour ago   Ready               kube-scheduler-localhost.localdomain            kube-system         0                   (default)
c25f77697cc84       About an hour ago   Ready               etcd-localhost.localdomain                      kube-system         0                   (default)