网络攻击是指任何以干扰、破坏网络系统为目的的非授权行为。目前的网络攻击模式呈现多方位、多手段化,让人防不胜防。概括来说网络攻击分为四大类:拒绝服务攻击、利用型攻击、信息收集型攻击、欺骗型攻击。
1.拒绝服务攻击
拒绝服务攻击(Denial of Service,DoS)是通过使用户服务器崩溃或阻止其提供服务,从而使合法用户无法使用网络服务器。DoS 是一种比较简单但又很有效的攻击手段。它的攻击方式有很多种,最基本的 DoS 攻击就是利用虚假地址假冒合理的用户请求来占用服务资源,致使服务超载,无法响应其他的请求。
2.利用型攻击
利用型攻击是一种试图对计算机进行控制的攻击手段。常见的方式有:口令猜测和缓冲区溢出攻击。
(1)口令猜测
攻击者通过猜测口令进入系统,获得控制系统的权限,从而对系统进行攻击。
(2)缓冲区溢出攻击
攻击者向缓冲区中写入超长的、预设的内容,导致缓冲区溢出,覆盖正常程序和数据,进而让计算机执行这些预设程序,达到进行非法操作、实现攻击的目的。
3.信息收集型攻击
攻击者对用户目标系统不直接造成危害,进行刺探性攻击,目的是获取系统的有用信息,为进一步入侵做准备。
4.欺骗型攻击
欺骗型攻击是网络攻击中的一种重要手段。常见的欺骗型攻击有IP 欺骗攻击、 DNS 欺骗攻击、Web 欺骗攻击和 E-mail 欺骗攻击。
对于一个企业、单位或学校的局域网,最常遇到的具体攻击形式主要是病毒和木马程序、黑客攻击及操作系统安全漏洞的攻击。
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