Java：SpringBoot整合SSE（Server-Sent Events）实现后端主动向前端推送数据

SpringBoot整合SSE（Server-Sent Events）可以实现后端主动向前端推送数据

核心代码

依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

后端接收sse连接

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/sse")
public class IndexController {
    /**
     * 创建SSE连接
     *
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(path = "/connect")
    public SseEmitter sse() {
        SseEmitter sseEmitter = new SseEmitter();

        // 发送一个注释，响应前端请求
        sseEmitter.send(SseEmitter.event().comment("welcome"));
        return sseEmitter;
    }
}

前端浏览器代码

// 连接服务器
var sseSource = new EventSource("http://localhost:8080/sse/connect");

// 连接打开
sseSource.onopen = function () {
    console.log("连接打开");
}

// 连接错误
sseSource.onerror = function (err) {
    console.log("连接错误:", err);
}

// 接收到数据
sseSource.onmessage = function (event) {
    console.log("接收到数据:", event);
    handleReceiveData(JSON.parse(event.data))
}

完整代码

项目目录

$ tree -I target -I test
.
├── pom.xml
└── src
    └── main
        ├── java
        │   └── com
        │       └── example
        │           └── demo
        │               ├── Application.java
        │               ├── controller
        │               │   └── IndexController.java
        │               ├── entity
        │               │   └── Message.java
        │               ├── service
        │               │   ├── SseService.java
        │               │   └── impl
        │               │       └── SseServiceImpl.java
        │               └── task
        │                   └── SendMessageTask.java
        └── resources
            ├── application.yml
            ├── static
            └── templates
                └── index.html

完整依赖 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.7</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <mybatis-plus.version>3.5.2</mybatis-plus.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

前端代码 index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Demo</title>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="result"></div>

    <script>
        // 连接服务器
        var sseSource = new EventSource("http://localhost:8080/sse/connect");

        // 连接打开
        sseSource.onopen = function () {
            console.log("连接打开");
        }

        // 连接错误
        sseSource.onerror = function (err) {
            console.log("连接错误:", err);
        }

        // 接收到数据
        sseSource.onmessage = function (event) {
            console.log("接收到数据:", event);
            handleReceiveData(JSON.parse(event.data))
        }

        // 关闭链接
        function handleCloseSse() {
            sseSource.close()
        }

        // 处理服务器返回的数据
        function handleReceiveData(data) {
            let div = document.createElement('div');
            div.innerHTML = data.data;
            document.getElementById('result').appendChild(div);
        }

        // 通过http发送消息
        function sendMessage() {
            const message = document.querySelector("#message")
            const data = {
                data: message.value
            }

            message.value = ''

            fetch('http://localhost:8080/sse/sendMessage', {
                method: 'POST',
                headers: {
                    'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8'
                },
                body: JSON.stringify(data)
            })
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

定义一个返回数据 Message.java

package com.example.demo.entity;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Message {
    private String data;
    private Integer total;
}

定义sse接口 SseService.java

package com.example.demo.service;

import com.example.demo.entity.Message;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;

public interface SseService {
    SseEmitter connect(String uuid);

    void sendMessage(Message message);
}

实现sse接口 SseServiceImpl.java

package com.example.demo.service.impl;

import com.example.demo.entity.Message;
import com.example.demo.service.SseService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

@Slf4j
@Service
public class SseServiceImpl implements SseService {
    /**
     * messageId的 SseEmitter对象映射集
     */
    private static Map<String, SseEmitter> sseEmitterMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    /**
     * 连接sse
     * @param uuid
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public SseEmitter connect(String uuid) {
        SseEmitter sseEmitter = new SseEmitter();

        // 连接成功需要返回数据，否则会出现待处理状态
        try {
            sseEmitter.send(SseEmitter.event().comment("welcome"));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // 连接断开
        sseEmitter.onCompletion(() -> {
            sseEmitterMap.remove(uuid);
        });

        // 连接超时
        sseEmitter.onTimeout(() -> {
            sseEmitterMap.remove(uuid);
        });

        // 连接报错
        sseEmitter.onError((throwable) -> {
            sseEmitterMap.remove(uuid);
        });

        sseEmitterMap.put(uuid, sseEmitter);

        return sseEmitter;
    }

    /**
     * 发送消息
     * @param message
     */
    @Override
    public void sendMessage(Message message) {
        message.setTotal(sseEmitterMap.size());

        sseEmitterMap.forEach((uuid, sseEmitter) -> {
            try {
                sseEmitter.send(message, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
    }
}

定时任务 SendMessageTask.java

package com.example.demo.task;


import com.example.demo.entity.Message;
import com.example.demo.service.SseService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;

@Configuration
public class SendMessageTask {
    @Autowired
    private SseService sseService;

    /**
     * 定时执行 秒 分 时 日 月 周
     */
    @Scheduled(cron = "*/5 * * * * *")  // 间隔5秒
    public void sendMessageTask() {
        Message message = new Message();
        DateTimeFormatter format = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        message.setData(LocalDateTime.now().format(format));
        sseService.sendMessage(message);
    }
}

前端路由 IndexController.java

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.entity.Message;
import com.example.demo.service.SseService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;

import java.util.UUID;

@Slf4j
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/sse")
public class IndexController {

    @Autowired
    private SseService sseService;

    /**
     * 首页
     *
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/")
    public String index() {
        return "index";
    }

    /**
     * 创建SSE连接
     *
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(path = "/connect", produces = MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM_VALUE)
    public SseEmitter sse() {
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        log.info("新用户连接：{}", uuid);
        return sseService.connect(uuid);
    }

    /**
     * 广播消息
     *
     * @param message
     */
    @PostMapping("/sendMessage")
    @ResponseBody
    public void sendMessage(@RequestBody Message message) {
        sseService.sendMessage(message);
    }
}

启动类 Application.java

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

}

完整代码：https://github.com/mouday/spring-boot-demo/SpringBoot-SSE文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-688624.html

参考文章

• https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/EventSource
• Server-Sent Events 教程
• 推送数据？也许你不需要 WebSocket

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