【SEED Labs 2.0】V*N Tunneling Lab-Toy模板网

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本文为 SEED Labs 2.0 - V*N Tunneling Lab 的实验记录。

实验原理

虚拟专用网络 (V*N) 是建立在公共网络（通常是 Internet）之上的专用网络。V*N 内的计算机可以安全地进行通信，就像它们在与外部物理隔离的真实专用网络上一样，即使它们的流量可能通过公共网络。V*N 使员工能够在旅行时安全地访问公司的内部网；它还允许公司将其私人网络扩展到全国和世界各地。本实验的目的是了解 V*N 的工作原理。我们专注于一种特定类型的 V*N（最常见的类型），它建立在传输层之上。我们将从头开始构建一个非常简单的 V*N，并使用该过程来说明 V*N 技术的每个部分是如何工作的。一个真正的 V*N 程序有两个基本部分，隧道和加密。本实验只关注隧道部分，了解隧道技术，所以本实验中的隧道没有加密。该实验涵盖以下主题：
• 虚拟专用网络
• TUN/TAP 虚拟接口
• IP 隧道
• 路由

Task 1: Network Setup

启动 docker：

$ dcbuild
$ dcup

www.tunse2345.com,SEED Labs,网络,运维,服务器,网络安全

使用新的 terminal：

$ dockps
e5d4ce335ea5  client-10.9.0.5
4cefdf1a5de0  host-192.168.60.6
b48df35bbff5  server-router
8f7e68b55231  host-192.168.60.5

我们分别修改 shell，方便查看：

$ export PS1="\w U$"

$ export PS1="\w V$"

$ export PS1="\w Server$"

Host U can communicate with V*N Server

在 V*N-SERVER 上 ping HOST-U：

Server$ ping 10.9.0.5 -c 1
PING 10.9.0.5 (10.9.0.5) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.0.5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.796 ms

V*N-SERVER 成功 ping 到 HOST-U。

V*N Server can communicate with Host V

在 V*N-SERVER 上 ping HOST-V：

Server$ ping 192.168.60.5 -c 1
PING 192.168.60.5 (192.168.60.5) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.60.5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.206 ms

V*N-SERVER 成功 ping 到 HOST-V。

Host U should not be able to communicate with Host V

在 HOST-U 上 ping HOST-V：

U$ ping 192.168.60.5 -c 1
PING 192.168.60.5 (192.168.60.5) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.60.5 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms

HOST-U 无法 ping 到 HOST-V。

Run tcpdump on the router, and sniff the traffic on each of the network. Show that you can capture packets.

V*N-SERVER 和 HOST-U：

U$ ping 10.9.0.11 -c 1
PING 10.9.0.11 (10.9.0.11) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.0.11: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.071 ms

Server$ tcpdump -i eth0 -n
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
15:37:52.103006 IP 10.9.0.5 > 10.9.0.11: ICMP echo request, id 28, seq 1, length 64
15:37:52.103024 IP 10.9.0.11 > 10.9.0.5: ICMP echo reply, id 28, seq 1, length 64

V*N-SERVER 和 HOST-V：

V$ ping 192.168.60.11 -c 1
PING 192.168.60.11 (192.168.60.11) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.60.11: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.100 ms

Server$ tcpdump -i eth1 -n
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
15:39:38.620730 IP 192.168.60.5 > 192.168.60.11: ICMP echo request, id 32, seq 1, length 64
15:39:38.620748 IP 192.168.60.11 > 192.168.60.5: ICMP echo reply, id 32, seq 1, length 64

V*N-SERVER 可以捕捉到两个网络中的数据包。

Task 2: Create and Configure TUN Interface

程序如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import fcntl
import struct
import os
import time
from scapy.all import *

TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
IFF_TUN   = 0x0001
IFF_TAP   = 0x0002
IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000

# Create the tun interface
tun = os.open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR)
ifr = struct.pack('16sH', b'tun%d', IFF_TUN | IFF_NO_PI)
ifname_bytes  = fcntl.ioctl(tun, TUNSETIFF, ifr)

# Get the interface name
ifname = ifname_bytes.decode('UTF-8')[:16].strip("\x00")
print("Interface Name: {}".format(ifname))

while True:
   time.sleep(10)

Task 2.a: Name of the Interface

在 HOST-U 上运行该程序：

U$ chmod a+x tun.py
U$ tun.py
Interface Name: tun0

我们在该主机上查看端口：

U$ ip address
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: tun0: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 500
    link/none 
8: eth0@if9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:0a:09:00:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 10.9.0.5/24 brd 10.9.0.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

两者均看到了 tun0。

现在，我们来修改程序：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import fcntl
import struct
import os
import time
from scapy.all import *

TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
IFF_TUN   = 0x0001
IFF_TAP   = 0x0002
IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000

# Create the tun interface
tun = os.open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR)
ifr = struct.pack('16sH', b'cheny%d', IFF_TUN | IFF_NO_PI)
ifname_bytes  = fcntl.ioctl(tun, TUNSETIFF, ifr)

# Get the interface name
ifname = ifname_bytes.decode('UTF-8')[:16].strip("\x00")
print("Interface Name: {}".format(ifname))

while True:
   time.sleep(10)

重新运行：

U$ tun.py
Interface Name: cheny0

可以看到，端口名字被成功修改了。此时，如果运行 ip address，也会看到被修改后的端口。

Task 2.b: Set up the TUN Interface

在程序死循环前加入：

os.system("ip addr add 192.168.53.99/24 dev {}".format(ifname))
os.system("ip link set dev {} up".format(ifname))

或者直接运行命令：

U$ ip addr add 192.168.53.99/24 dev tun0
U$ ip link set dev tun0 up

重新运行程序：

U$ tun.py
Interface Name: cheny0

看到：

U$ ip address
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: cheny0: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 500
    link/none 
    inet 192.168.53.99/24 scope global cheny0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
8: eth0@if9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:0a:09:00:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 10.9.0.5/24 brd 10.9.0.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以观察到，cheny0 端口被添加了我们刚刚指定的 ip，并且 state 不再是 DOWN 了。

Task 2.c: Read from the TUN Interface

使用如下代码取代原来程序中的死循环：

while True:
    # Get a packet from the tun interface
    packet = os.read(tun, 2048)
    if packet:
        ip = IP(packet)
        print(ip.summary())

On Host U, ping a host in the 192.168.53.0/24 network. What are printed out by the tun.py
program? What has happened? Why?

U$ ping 192.168.53.1 -c 1
PING 192.168.53.1 (192.168.53.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.53.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms

U$ tun.py
Interface Name: cheny0
IP / ICMP 192.168.53.99 > 192.168.53.1 echo-request 0 / Raw

我们 ping 的是刚刚端口定义的地址，发现 tun 可以接收到数据包，但是不会返回任何内容。

On Host U, ping a host in the internal network 192.168.60.0/24, Does tun.py print out anything? Why?

U$ ping 192.168.60.1 -c 1
PING 192.168.60.1 (192.168.60.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.60.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms

U$ tun.py
Interface Name: cheny0

我们 ping 的是另一个网络，发现能够 ping 通，但并没有经过刚刚设置的 tun。

Task 2.d: Write to the TUN Interface

After getting a packet from the TUN interface, if this packet is an ICMP echo request packet, construct a corresponding echo reply packet and write it to the TUN interface. Please provide evidence to show that the code works as expected.

修改程序：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import fcntl
import struct
import os
import time
from scapy.all import *

TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
IFF_TUN   = 0x0001
IFF_TAP   = 0x0002
IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000

# Create the tun interface
tun = os.open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR)
ifr = struct.pack('16sH', b'cheny%d', IFF_TUN | IFF_NO_PI)
ifname_bytes  = fcntl.ioctl(tun, TUNSETIFF, ifr)

# Get the interface name
ifname = ifname_bytes.decode('UTF-8')[:16].strip("\x00")
print("Interface Name: {}".format(ifname))

os.system("ip addr add 192.168.53.99/24 dev {}".format(ifname))
os.system("ip link set dev {} up".format(ifname))

while True:
    # Get a packet from the tun interface
    packet = os.read(tun, 2048)
    if packet:
        ip = IP(packet)
        print(ip.summary())
        
        if ICMP in ip:
            newip = IP(src=ip[IP].dst, dst=ip[IP].src, ihl=ip[IP].ihl)
            newip.ttl = 99
            newicmp = ICMP(type=0, id=ip[ICMP].id, seq=ip[ICMP].seq)
            if ip.haslayer(Raw):
                data = ip[Raw].load
                newpkt = newip/newicmp/data
            else:
                newpkt = newip/newicmp
            
            os.write(tun, bytes(newpkt))

我们运行程序并且 ping 一下 tun 的地址：

U$ ping 192.168.53.1 -c 1
PING 192.168.53.1 (192.168.53.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.53.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=99 time=3.57 ms

U$ tun.py
Interface Name: cheny0
IP / ICMP 192.168.53.99 > 192.168.53.1 echo-request 0 / Raw

可以看到，tun 成功接收到了报文并返回了相应的 ICMP 报文。

Instead of writing an IP packet to the interface, write some arbitrary data to the interface, and report your observation.

修改程序：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import fcntl
import struct
import os
import time
from scapy.all import *

TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
IFF_TUN   = 0x0001
IFF_TAP   = 0x0002
IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000

# Create the tun interface
tun = os.open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR)
ifr = struct.pack('16sH', b'cheny%d', IFF_TUN | IFF_NO_PI)
ifname_bytes  = fcntl.ioctl(tun, TUNSETIFF, ifr)

# Get the interface name
ifname = ifname_bytes.decode('UTF-8')[:16].strip("\x00")
print("Interface Name: {}".format(ifname))

os.system("ip addr add 192.168.53.99/24 dev {}".format(ifname))
os.system("ip link set dev {} up".format(ifname))

while True:
    # Get a packet from the tun interface
    packet = os.read(tun, 2048)
    if packet:
        ip = IP(packet)
        print(ip.summary())
        
        if ICMP in ip:
            os.write(tun, bytes("Hello,world!", encoding='utf-8'))

运行程序：

u$ ping 192.168.53.1 -c 1
PING 192.168.53.1 (192.168.53.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.53.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms

u$ tun.py
Interface Name: cheny0
IP / ICMP 192.168.53.99 > 192.168.53.1 echo-request 0 / Raw

可以看到，tun 接收到了报文，但没有返回正确的内容。

Task 3: Send the IP Packet to V*N Server Through a Tunnel

编写 tun_server.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

from scapy.all import *

IP_A = "0.0.0.0"
PORT = 9090

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
sock.bind((IP_A, PORT))

while True:
    data, (ip, port) = sock.recvfrom(2048)
    print("{}:{} --> {}:{}".format(ip, port, IP_A, PORT))
    pkt = IP(data)
    print(" Inside: {} --> {}".format(pkt.src, pkt.dst))

编写 tun_client.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import fcntl
import struct
import os
import time
from scapy.all import *

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT = '10.9.0.11', 9090

TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
IFF_TUN   = 0x0001
IFF_TAP   = 0x0002
IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000

# Create the tun interface
tun = os.open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR)
ifr = struct.pack('16sH', b'cheny%d', IFF_TUN | IFF_NO_PI)
ifname_bytes  = fcntl.ioctl(tun, TUNSETIFF, ifr)

# Get the interface name
ifname = ifname_bytes.decode('UTF-8')[:16].strip("\x00")

os.system("ip addr add 192.168.53.99/24 dev {}".format(ifname))
os.system("ip link set dev {} up".format(ifname))

os.system("ip route add 192.168.60.0/24 dev {}".format(ifname))

while True:
    # Get a packet from the tun interface
    packet = os.read(tun, 2048)
    if packet:
        # Send the packet via the tunnel
        sock.sendto(packet, (SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT))

现在，我们来试验一下是否工作正常:

U$ tun_client.py

U$ ping 192.168.53.1 -c 1
PING 192.168.53.1 (192.168.53.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.53.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms

Server$ tun_server.py
10.9.0.5:40848 --> 0.0.0.0:9090
 Inside: 192.168.53.99 --> 192.168.53.1

我们希望前往 HOST-V 的数据包均经过 tun，所以要配置一下路由表：

U$ ip route add 192.168.60.0/24 dev cheny0              
U$ ip route
default via 10.9.0.1 dev eth0 
10.9.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.9.0.5 
192.168.53.0/24 dev cheny0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.53.99 
192.168.60.0/24 dev cheny0 scope link

现在，我们 ping 一下 HOST-V：

U$ ping 192.168.60.5 -c 1
PING 192.168.60.5 (192.168.60.5) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.60.5 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms

Server$ tun_server.py
10.9.0.5:50548 --> 0.0.0.0:9090
 Inside: 192.168.53.99 --> 192.168.60.5

可以看到，V*N-SERVER 成功接收并且准备转发。

Task 4: Set Up the V*N Server

修改 tun_server.py：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import fcntl
import struct
import os
import time
from scapy.all import *

TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
IFF_TUN   = 0x0001
IFF_TAP   = 0x0002
IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000

# Create the tun interface
tun = os.open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR)
ifr = struct.pack('16sH', b'cheny%d', IFF_TUN | IFF_NO_PI)
ifname_bytes  = fcntl.ioctl(tun, TUNSETIFF, ifr)

# Get the interface name
ifname = ifname_bytes.decode('UTF-8')[:16].strip("\x00")

os.system("ip addr add 192.168.53.11/24 dev {}".format(ifname))
os.system("ip link set dev {} up".format(ifname))

IP_A = "0.0.0.0"
PORT = 9090

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
sock.bind((IP_A, PORT))

while True:
    data, (ip, port) = sock.recvfrom(2048)
    print("{}:{} --> {}:{}".format(ip, port, IP_A, PORT))
    pkt = IP(data)
    print(" Inside: {} --> {}".format(pkt.src, pkt.dst))
    
    os.write(tun, bytes(pkt))

我们再次 ping HOST-V：

U$ ping 192.168.60.5 -c 1
PING 192.168.60.5 (192.168.60.5) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 192.168.60.5 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms

Server$ tun_server.py
10.9.0.5:50548 --> 0.0.0.0:9090
 Inside: 192.168.53.99 --> 192.168.60.5

V$ tcpdump -i eth0 -n
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
04:45:01.582945 IP 192.168.53.99 > 192.168.60.5: ICMP echo request, id 229, seq 1, length 64
04:45:01.583017 IP 192.168.60.5 > 192.168.53.99: ICMP echo reply, id 229, seq 1, length 64

可以看到，尽管目前没有返回功能，但报文已经正确的发给了 HOST-V。

Task 5: Handling Traffic in Both Directions

修改 tun_server.py：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import fcntl
import struct
import os
import time
from scapy.all import *

TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
IFF_TUN   = 0x0001
IFF_TAP   = 0x0002
IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000

# Create the tun interface
tun = os.open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR)
ifr = struct.pack('16sH', b'cheny%d', IFF_TUN | IFF_NO_PI)
ifname_bytes  = fcntl.ioctl(tun, TUNSETIFF, ifr)

# Get the interface name
ifname = ifname_bytes.decode('UTF-8')[:16].strip("\x00")

os.system("ip addr add 192.168.53.11/24 dev {}".format(ifname))
os.system("ip link set dev {} up".format(ifname))

IP_A = "0.0.0.0"
PORT = 9090

SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT = '10.9.0.5', 9090

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
sock.bind((IP_A, PORT))

while True:
    # this will block until at least one interface is ready
    ready, _, _ = select.select([sock, tun], [], [])
    
    for fd in ready:
        if fd is sock:
            data, (SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT) = sock.recvfrom(2048)
            pkt = IP(data)
            print("From socket <==: {} --> {}".format(pkt.src, pkt.dst))
            os.write(tun, bytes(pkt))
        if fd is tun:
            packet = os.read(tun, 2048)
            pkt = IP(packet)
            print("From tun ==>: {} --> {}".format(pkt.src, pkt.dst))
            sock.sendto(packet, (SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT))

修改 tun_client.py：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import fcntl
import struct
import os
import time
from scapy.all import *

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT = '10.9.0.11', 9090

TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
IFF_TUN   = 0x0001
IFF_TAP   = 0x0002
IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000

# Create the tun interface
tun = os.open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR)
ifr = struct.pack('16sH', b'cheny%d', IFF_TUN | IFF_NO_PI)
ifname_bytes  = fcntl.ioctl(tun, TUNSETIFF, ifr)

# Get the interface name
ifname = ifname_bytes.decode('UTF-8')[:16].strip("\x00")

os.system("ip addr add 192.168.53.99/24 dev {}".format(ifname))
os.system("ip link set dev {} up".format(ifname))

os.system("ip route add 192.168.60.0/24 dev {}".format(ifname))

while True:
    # this will block until at least one interface is ready
    ready, _, _ = select.select([sock, tun], [], [])
    
    for fd in ready:
        if fd is sock:
            data, (SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT) = sock.recvfrom(2048)
            pkt = IP(data)
            print("From socket <==: {} --> {}".format(pkt.src, pkt.dst))
            os.write(tun, bytes(pkt))
        if fd is tun:
            packet = os.read(tun, 2048)
            pkt = IP(packet)
            print("From tun ==>: {} --> {}".format(pkt.src, pkt.dst))
            sock.sendto(packet, (SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT))

在 HOST-U 上 ping HOST-V：

U$ ping 192.168.60.5 -c 1
PING 192.168.60.5 (192.168.60.5) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.60.5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=12.0 ms

--- 192.168.60.5 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 12.025/12.025/12.025/0.000 ms

在 HOST-U 上看到：

U$ tun_client.py
From tun ==> : 192.168.53.99 --> 192.168.60.5
From socket <==: 192.168.60.5 --> 192.168.53.99

在 V*N-SERVER 上看到：

Server$ tun_server.py
From socket <==: 192.168.53.99 --> 192.168.60.5
From tun ==> : 192.168.60.5 --> 192.168.53.99

同时，在 HOST-U 上也可以 telnet 到 HOST-V：

U$ telnet 192.168.60.5
Trying 192.168.60.5...
Connected to 192.168.60.5.
Escape character is '^]'.
Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
5c79003a352f login: seed
Password: 
Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-54-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

This system has been minimized by removing packages and content that are
not required on a system that users do not log into.

To restore this content, you can run the 'unminimize' command.

The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.

我们使用 wireshark 对 HOST-U ping HOST-V 的过程抓包，可以看到：

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可以看到 ping 大致可以分为四个过程：

HOST-U 发送给 V*N-SERVER
V*N-SERVER 发送 ping 请求给 HOST-V
HOST-V 回复 V*N-SERVER 的 ping 请求
V*N-SERVER 将回复发回给 HOST-U

这四个过程都是通过 tun 传输的。

Task 6: Tunnel-Breaking Experiment

和 task5 一样，我们从 HOST-U telnet 到 HOST-V。我们发现，是可以随意输入的。这时候，我们停掉 tun_server.py：

seed@5c79003a352f:~$

我们发现，不管输入什么，都不会显示。

这时，我们再迅速的重新打开 tun_server.py，可以看到，刚刚输入的又突然都显示出来了：

seed@5c79003a352f:~$ test
seed@5c79003a352f:~$ test
seed@5c79003a352f:~$ ???
-bash: ???: command not found

这是由于刚刚链接断掉了，但输入并发送的东西还都在缓冲区。再次建立链接后，缓冲区内的内容被发送。

Task 7: Routing Experiment on Host V

在 HOST-V 上查看 ip route：

V$ ip route
default via 192.168.60.11 dev eth0 
192.168.60.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.60.5

我们首先删掉 default：

V$ ip route del default
V$ ip route
192.168.60.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.60.5

然后新增：

V$ ip route add 192.168.53.0/24 via 192.168.60.11
V$ ip route
192.168.53.0/24 via 192.168.60.11 dev eth0 
192.168.60.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.60.5

我们再在 HOST-U 上 ping HOST-V，发现依然可以 ping 通：

U$ ping 192.168.60.5 -c 1
PING 192.168.60.5 (192.168.60.5) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.60.5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=57.8 ms

--- 192.168.60.5 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 57.842/57.842/57.842/0.000 ms

Task 8: V*N Between Private Networks

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启动新的 docker：

$ docker-compose -f docker-compose2.yml build
$ docker-compose -f docker-compose2.yml up

我们同样的修改 shell：

export PS1="\w U$"

export PS1="\w Server$"

export PS1="\w Client$"

修改 tun_server.py：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import fcntl
import struct
import os
import time
from scapy.all import *

TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
IFF_TUN   = 0x0001
IFF_TAP   = 0x0002
IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000

# Create the tun interface
tun = os.open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR)
ifr = struct.pack('16sH', b'cheny%d', IFF_TUN | IFF_NO_PI)
ifname_bytes  = fcntl.ioctl(tun, TUNSETIFF, ifr)

# Get the interface name
ifname = ifname_bytes.decode('UTF-8')[:16].strip("\x00")

os.system("ip addr add 192.168.53.11/24 dev {}".format(ifname))
os.system("ip link set dev {} up".format(ifname))

os.system("ip route add 192.168.50.0/24 dev {}".format(ifname))

IP_A = "0.0.0.0"
PORT = 9090

SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT = '10.9.0.5', 9090

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
sock.bind((IP_A, PORT))

while True:
    # this will block until at least one interface is ready
    ready, _, _ = select.select([sock, tun], [], [])
    
    for fd in ready:
        if fd is sock:
            data, (SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT) = sock.recvfrom(2048)
            pkt = IP(data)
            print("From socket <==: {} --> {}".format(pkt.src, pkt.dst))
            os.write(tun, bytes(pkt))
        if fd is tun:
            packet = os.read(tun, 2048)
            pkt = IP(packet)
            print("From tun ==>: {} --> {}".format(pkt.src, pkt.dst))
            sock.sendto(packet, (SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT))

我们在 HOST-U 上 ping HOST-V：

U$ ping 192.168.60.5 -c 1
PING 192.168.60.5 (192.168.60.5) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.60.5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=3.41 ms

--- 192.168.60.5 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.407/3.407/3.407/0.000 ms

V*N-CLIENT 上显示：

Client$ tun_client.py
From tun ==> : 192.168.50.5 --> 192.168.60.5
From socket <==: 192.168.60.5 --> 192.168.50.5

V*N-SERVER 上显示：

Server$ tun_server.py
From socket <==: 192.168.50.5 --> 192.168.60.5
From tun ==> : 192.168.60.5 --> 192.168.50.5

与之前类似，我们使用 wireshark 抓包：

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可以看出，流量是走的 tun。

Task 9: Experiment with the TAP Interface

在之前的 tun.py 上稍作修改，编写 tap.py：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import fcntl
import struct
import os
import time
from scapy.all import *

TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
IFF_TUN   = 0x0001
IFF_TAP   = 0x0002
IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000

# Create the tun interface
tap = os.open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR)
ifr = struct.pack('16sH', b'cheny%d', IFF_TAP | IFF_NO_PI)
ifname_bytes  = fcntl.ioctl(tap, TUNSETIFF, ifr)

# Get the interface name
ifname = ifname_bytes.decode('UTF-8')[:16].strip("\x00")
print("Interface Name: {}".format(ifname))

os.system("ip addr add 192.168.53.99/24 dev {}".format(ifname))
os.system("ip link set dev {} up".format(ifname))

# generate a corresponding ARP reply and write it to the TAP interface.
while True:
    packet = os.read(tap, 2048)
    if packet:
        print("-------------------------------")
        ether = Ether(packet)
        print(ether.summary())
        
        # Send a spoofed ARP response
        FAKE_MAC = "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff"
        if ARP in ether and ether[ARP].op == 1:
            arp = ether[ARP]
            newether = Ether(dst=ether.src, src=FAKE_MAC)
            newarp = ARP(psrc=arp.pdst, hwsrc=FAKE_MAC, pdst=arp.psrc,hwdst=ether.src, op=2)
            newpkt = newether/newarp
            
            print("***** Fake response: {}".format(newpkt.summary()))
            os.write(tap, bytes(newpkt))

我们做一下测试：

Server$ tap.py
Interface Name: cheny0
-------------------------------
Ether / ARP who has 192.168.53.33 says 192.168.53.99 / Padding
***** Fake response: Ether / ARP is at aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff says 192.168.53.33

Server$ arping -I cheny0 192.168.53.33 -c 1
ARPING 192.168.53.33
42 bytes from aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff (192.168.53.33): index=0 time=6.841 usec

--- 192.168.53.33 statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received,   0% unanswered (0 extra)
rtt min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.007/0.007/0.007/0.000 ms

Server$ tap.py
Interface Name: cheny0
-------------------------------
Ether / ARP who has 1.2.3.4 says 192.168.53.99 / Padding
***** Fake response: Ether / ARP is at aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff says 1.2.3.4

Server$ arping -I cheny0 1.2.3.4 -c 1
ARPING 1.2.3.4
42 bytes from aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff (1.2.3.4): index=0 time=1.612 msec

--- 1.2.3.4 statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received,   0% unanswered (0 extra)
rtt min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.612/1.612/1.612/0.000 ms