1、格式
#include <iostream> using namespace std; const double PI =3.14; //设计一个圆类,求圆的周长 class Circle { //访问权限 //公共权限 public: //属性 //半径 int m_r; //行为 //获取圆的周长 double calculateZC() { return 2 * PI * m_r; } }; int main() { //通过圆类创造具体的圆 Circle c1; c1.m_r = 10; cout << "圆的周长:" << c1.calculateZC() << endl; system("pause"); return 0; }
2、案例:设计学生类
设计一个学生类,属性有姓备和学号,可以给姓名和学号赋值,可以显示学生的姓名和学号
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string> class Studentt { public: string m_Name; int m_Id; void showStudent() { cout << "姓名:" << m_Name << " 学号:" << m_Id << endl; } //给姓名赋值 void setName(string name) { m_Name = name; } //给学号赋值 void setId(int id) { m_Id = id; } }; int main() { Studentt s1; //s1.m_Name = "张三"; s1.setName("张三"); s1.setId(1); s1.showStudent(); Studentt s2; s2.m_Name = "李四"; s2.m_Id = 2; s2.showStudent(); system("pause"); return 0; }
3、权限访问
1. public公共权限
2. protected 保护权限
3. private私有权限
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string> //1. public公共权限 成员 类内可以访问 类外也可以访问 //2. protected保护权限 成员 类内可以访问 类外不可以访问 儿子可以访问父亲中的保护内容 //3. private私有权限 成员 类内可以访问 类外不可以访问 儿子不可以访问父亲中保护的内容 class Person { //公共权限 public: string m_Name; //保护权限 protected: string m_Car; //私有权限 private: int m_Password; public: void func() { m_Name = "张三"; m_Car = "拖拉机"; m_Password = 123456; } }; int main() { Person p1; p1.m_Name = "李四"; //p1.m_Car = "奔驰";//保护权限内容 在类外访问不到 //p1.m_Password = 23456;//私有权限内容,在类外访问不到 system("pause"); return 0; }
4、class和struct区别
- struct 默认权限为公共
- class默认权限为私有
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string> class C1 { int m_A;//默认权限是私有 }; struct C2 { int m_A;//默认权限是公共 }; int main() { C1 c1; //c1.m_A = 100; C2 c2; c2.m_A = 100; system("pause"); return 0; }
5、成员属性私有化
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string> class Person { public: //设置姓名 void setName(string name) { m_Name = name; } //获取姓名 string getName() { return m_Name; } int getAge() { m_Age = 10; return m_Age; } void setLover(string lover) { m_Lover = lover; } private: string m_Name;//可读可写 int m_Age;//只读 string m_Lover;//只写 }; int main() { Person p; p.setName("张三"); cout << "姓名:"<<p.getName()<< endl; cout << "年龄:" << p.getAge() << endl; p.setName("梨花"); system("pause"); return 0; }
6、案例设计:立方体类
设计立方体类(Cube)
求出立方体的面积和体积
分别用全局函数和成员函数判断两个立方体是否相等#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string> class Cube { public: void setL(int l) { m_L = l; } int getL() { return m_L; } void setW(int w) { m_W = w; } int getW() { return m_W; } void setH(int h) { m_H = h; } int getH() { return m_H; } int calculateS() { return 2 * m_L * m_W + 2 * m_W * m_H + 2 * m_L * m_H; } int calculateV() { return m_H * m_L * m_W; } //利用成员函数判断两个立方体是否相等 bool isSameByClass(Cube& c) { if (m_L == c.getL() && m_W == c.getW() && m_H == c.getH()) { return true; } return false; } private: int m_L; int m_W; int m_H; }; //利用全局函数判断 两个立方体是否相等 bool isSame(Cube& c1, Cube& c2) { if (c1.getL() == c2.getL() && c1.getW() == c2.getW() && c1.getH() == c2.getH()) { return true; } return false; } int main() { Cube c1; c1.setL(10); c1.setW(10); c1.setH(10); cout << "c1的面积为:" << c1.calculateS() << endl; cout << "c1的体积为:" << c1.calculateV() << endl; Cube c2; c2.setL(10); c2.setW(10); c2.setH(10); cout << "c2的面积为:" << c2.calculateS() << endl; cout << "c2的体积为:" << c2.calculateV() << endl; bool ret=isSame(c1, c2); if (ret) { cout << "c1,c2相等" << endl; } else { cout << "c1,c2不相等" << endl; } int ret2= c1.isSameByClass(c2); if (ret2) { cout << "c1,c2相等" << endl; } else { cout << "c1,c2不相等" << endl; } int ret3 = c2.isSameByClass(c1); if (ret3) { cout << "c1,c2相等" << endl; } else { cout << "c1,c2不相等" << endl; } system("pause"); return 0; }
7、案例设计:点和圆的关系
设计一个圆形类(Circle),和一个点类 (Point) ,计算点和圆的关系
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string> class Point { public: void setX(int x) { m_X = x; } int getX() { return m_X; } void setY(int y) { m_Y = y; } int getY() { return m_Y; } private: int m_X; int m_Y; }; class Circle { public: void setR(int r) { m_R = r; } int getR() { return m_R; } void setCenter(Point center) { m_Center = center; } Point getCenter() { return m_Center; } private: int m_R; Point m_Center;//圆心 }; void isInCircle(Circle& c, Point& p) { //计算两点之间距离 平方 int distance = (c.getCenter().getX() - p.getX()) * (c.getCenter().getX() - p.getX()) + (c.getCenter().getY() - p.getY()) * (c.getCenter().getY() - p.getY()); //计算半径的平方 int rDistance = c.getR() * c.getR(); //判断关系 if (distance == rDistance) { cout << "点在圆上" << endl; } else if (distance > rDistance) { cout << "点在圆外" << endl; } else { cout << "点在圆内" << endl; } } int main(){ //创建圆 Circle c; c.setR(10); Point center; center.setX(10); center.setY(10); c.setCenter(center); //创建点 Point p; p.setX(10); p.setY(11); //判断关系 isInCircle(c, p); system("pause"); return 0; }
point.h
#pragma once//防止头文件重复包含 #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Point { public: void setX(int x); int getX(); void setY(int y); int getY(); private: int m_X; int m_Y; };
point.cpp
#include "point.h" void Point:: setX(int x) { m_X = x; } int Point:: getX() { return m_X; } void Point:: setY(int y) { m_Y = y; } int Point:: getY() { return m_Y; }
circle.h
#pragma once #include <iostream> using namespace std; #include "point.h" class Circle { public: void setR(int r); int getR(); void setCenter(Point center); Point getCenter(); private: int m_R; Point m_Center;//圆心 };
circle.cpp文章来源:https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-694277.html
#include "circle.h" void Circle:: setR(int r) { m_R = r; } int Circle:: getR() { return m_R; } void Circle:: setCenter(Point center) { m_Center = center; } Point Circle:: getCenter() { return m_Center; }
面向对象.cpp文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-694277.html
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string> #include "point.h" #include "circle.h" //class Point { //public: // void setX(int x) { // m_X = x; // } // int getX() { // return m_X; // } // // void setY(int y) { // m_Y = y; // } // int getY() { // return m_Y; // } // //private: // int m_X; // int m_Y; //}; //class Circle { // //public: // void setR(int r) { // m_R = r; // } // int getR() { // return m_R; // } // // void setCenter(Point center) { // m_Center = center; // } // Point getCenter() { // return m_Center; // } // //private: // int m_R; // // Point m_Center;//圆心 //}; void isInCircle(Circle& c, Point& p) { //计算两点之间距离 平方 int distance = (c.getCenter().getX() - p.getX()) * (c.getCenter().getX() - p.getX()) + (c.getCenter().getY() - p.getY()) * (c.getCenter().getY() - p.getY()); //计算半径的平方 int rDistance = c.getR() * c.getR(); //判断关系 if (distance == rDistance) { cout << "点在圆上" << endl; } else if (distance > rDistance) { cout << "点在圆外" << endl; }else { cout << "点在圆内" << endl; } } int main(){ //创建圆 Circle c; c.setR(10); Point center; center.setX(10); center.setY(0); c.setCenter(center); //创建点 Point p; p.setX(10); p.setY(10); //判断关系 isInCircle(c, p); system("pause"); return 0; }
到了这里,关于封装(个人学习笔记黑马学习)的文章就介绍完了。如果您还想了解更多内容,请在右上角搜索TOY模板网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章,希望大家以后多多支持TOY模板网!