SpringCloud+Nacos+Gateway-Toy模板网

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SpringBoot整合Gateway+Nacos

本篇文章只演示通过gateway网关服务访问其他服务，不对gateway的其他功能做演示

一. 环境准备

1. 版本环境

Jdk: <java.version>1.8</java.version>
SpringBoot: <version>2.4.2</version>
SpringCloud: <spring.cloud.version>2020.0.1</spring.cloud.version>
SpringCloudAlibaba: <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.1</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>

以下是项目中pom配置，可拿来直接使用

1. 独立订单/用户服务pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.scg</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-order-center</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-cloud-order-center</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>2020.0.1</spring.cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.1</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.24</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2. 独立网关服务pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.scg</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-nacos</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-cloud-gateway</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>2020.0.1</spring.cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.1</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--得不加上这个配置，不然会报503-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2. 服务环境

本节使用一个简单的案例来演示Spring Cloud Gateway的使用方法,首先我们准备三个SpringBoo应用：

spring-cloud-user-center : 独立用户服务
spring-cloud-order-center : 独立订单服务
spring-cloud-gateway：独立的网关服务

二. 实战

1.创建用户服务

引入相关依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

yml配置

server:
  port: 8085

spring:
  application:
    name: spring-cloud-user-center
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        ip: 127.0.0.1
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"

编写测试类

/**
 * @author gf
 * @date 2023/2/14
 */
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public String user(){
        log.info("hello Mr gateway,this is user serve");
        return "hello Mr gateway,this is user serve";
    }
}

由于我们要将服务注册倒注册中心，所以我们在引入nacos依赖后要在启动类上添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudUserCenterApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudUserCenterApplication.class, args);
    }

}

2.创建订单服务

创建订单服务和创建用户服务的过程一致，我们可以在测试类上做些改变以区分后面的调用
订单服务测试类

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class OrderController {
    @RequestMapping("/order")
    public String getOrder(){
        log.info("hello Mr gateway,this is order serve");
        return "hello Mr gateway,this is order serve";
    }
}

3.创建网关服务

引入相关依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.scg</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-nacos</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-cloud-gateway</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>2020.0.1</spring.cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.1</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--得不加上这个配置，不然会报503-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

配置yml文件

server:
  port: 8082
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway_server
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能，利用微服务名进行路由
          enabled: true
          #开启小写验证，默认feign根据服务名查找都是用的全大写
          lowerCaseServiceId: true
      routes:
        - id: spring-cloud-order-center
          uri: lb://spring-cloud-order-center
          # 断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
          predicates:
            - Path=/order-center/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1

        - id: spring-cloud-user-center
          uri: lb://spring-cloud-user-center
          # 断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
          predicates:
            - Path=/user-center/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"


`3. 启动类添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解

```java
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudGatewayApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudGatewayApplication.class, args);
    }

}

4.测试

同时启动三台服务，我们可以看到这三者服役已经注册到了nacos注册中心中

SpringCloud+Nacos+Gateway,SpringCloud,SpringBoot,spring cloud,gateway,spring boot

按照我们的配置，访问http://localhost:8082/user-center/user会调用用户中心的的user接口，访问http://localhost:8082/order-center/order会调用订单中心的order接口，接下来我们测试一下

通过网关访用户服务
SpringCloud+Nacos+Gateway,SpringCloud,SpringBoot,spring cloud,gateway,spring boot

通过网关访订单服务
SpringCloud+Nacos+Gateway,SpringCloud,SpringBoot,spring cloud,gateway,spring boot

三. 避坑指南

问题1–503问题

SpringCloud+Nacos+Gateway,SpringCloud,SpringBoot,spring cloud,gateway,spring boot
解决办法：添加如下依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>

问题原因：
参考：gateway 503 问题

问题2–网关服务启动报错

***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************

Description:

Parameter 0 of method modifyRequestBodyGatewayFilterFactory in org.springframework.cloud.gateway.config.GatewayAutoConfiguration required a bean of type 'org.springframework.http.codec.ServerCodecConfigurer' that could not be found.


Action:

Consider defining a bean of type 'org.springframework.http.codec.ServerCodecConfigurer' in your configuration.


Process finished with exit code 1

问题原因：

这是由于所依赖的模块中有 spring-boot-starter-web 的依赖，而 SpringCloudGateway 还不支持 spring-boot-starter-web

解决方案：

网关服务去掉spring-boot-starter-web依赖文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-735341.html

  <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>