概述
Spring Boot整合Minio后,前端的文件上传有两种方式:
-
文件上传到后端,由后端保存到Minio
这种方式好处是完全由后端集中管理,可以很好的做到、身份验证、权限控制、文件与处理等,并且可以做一些额外的业务逻辑,比如生成缩略图、提取元数据等。
缺点也很明显:
-
延迟时间高了,本来花费上传一次文件的时间,现在多了后端保存到Minio的时间
-
后端资源占用,后端本来可以只处理业务请求,现在还要负责文件流,增加了性能压力
-
单点故障,Minio即便做了集群,但是如果后端服务器故障,也会导致Minio不可用
所以,实际上我们不会把文件传到后端,而是直接传给Minio,其实这也符合OSS服务的使用方式。
-
-
文件向后端申请上传凭证,然后直接上传到Minio
为了避免Minio被攻击,我们需要结合后端,让后端生成并返回一个有时效的上传凭证,前端拿着这个凭证才能去上传,通过这种方式,我们可以做到一定程度的权限控制,本文要分享的就是这种方式。
环境准备
-
部署好的Minio环境:http://mylocalhost:9001[1]
Spring Boot整合Minio
简单过一下整合方式把。
先引入Minio依赖
# pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>io.minio</groupId>
<artifactId>minio</artifactId>
<version>7.1.0</version>
</dependency>
然后定义配置信息
minio:
endpoint: http://mylocalhost:9001
accessKey: minio
secretKey: minio123
bucket: demo
定义一个属性类
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "minio")
public class MinioProperties {
* 对象存储服务的URL
*/
private String endpoint;
* Access key就像用户ID,可以唯一标识你的账户
*/
private String accessKey;
* Secret key是你账户的密码
*/
private String secretKey;
* 默认文件桶
*/
private String bucket;
...
}
定义Minio配置类
@Configuration
public class MinioConfig {
@Bean
public MinioClient minioClient(MinioProperties properties){
try {
MinioClient.Builder builder = MinioClient.builder();
builder.endpoint(properties.getEndpoint());
if (StringUtils.hasLength(properties.getAccessKey()) && StringUtils.hasLength(properties.getSecretKey())) {
builder.credentials(properties.getAccessKey(),properties.getSecretKey());
}
return builder.build();
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
}
现在启动服务即可。
上传凭证
写一个接口,返回上传凭证:
@RequestMapping(value = "/presign", method = {RequestMethod.POST})
public Map<String, String> presign(@RequestBody PresignParam presignParam) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(presignParam.getBucket())) {
presignParam.setBucket("demo");
}
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(presignParam.getFilename())) {
presignParam.setFilename(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
}
ZonedDateTime expirationDate = ZonedDateTime.now().plusMinutes(10);
PostPolicy policy = new PostPolicy(presignParam.getBucket(), presignParam.getFilename(), expirationDate);
try {
final Map<String, String> map = minioClient.presignedPostPolicy(policy);
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " = " + entry.getValue());
}
return map;
} catch (MinioException | InvalidKeyException | IOException | NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
上面的示例代码可以知道,我们还可以加一些权限认证,以判断用户是否有以下权限:
-
上传权限
-
可上传的文件大小
-
可上传的文件类型
请求参数类:
public class PresignParam {
private String bucket;
private String filename;
...
}
这个接口的返回结果是:
bucket: demo
x-amz-date: 20230831T042351Z
x-amz-signature: 79cc2ae0baee274d1d47cb29bdd5e99127059033503c2a02f904f0478a73ecac
key: 寂寞的季节.mp4
x-amz-algorithm: AWS4-HMAC-SHA256
x-amz-credential: minio/20230831/us-east-1/s3/aws4_request
policy: eyJleHBpcmF0aW9uIjoiMjAyMy0wOC0zMVQwNDozMzo1MS42MzZaIiwiY29uZGl0aW9ucyI6W1siZXEiLCIkYnVja2V0IiwiZGVtbyJdLFsiZXEiLCIka2V5Iiwi5a+C5a+e55qE5a2j6IqCLm1wNCJdLFsiZXEiLCIkeC1hbXotYWxnb3JpdGhtIiwiQVdTNC1ITUFDLVNIQTI1NiJdLFsiZXEiLCIkeC1hbXotY3JlZGVudGlhbCIsIm1pbmlvLzIwMjMwODMxL3VzLWVhc3QtMS9zMy9hd3M0X3JlcXVlc3QiXSxbImVxIiwiJHgtYW16LWRhdGUiLCIyMDIzMDgzMVQwNDIzNTFaIl1dfQ==
-
bucket:表示目标桶
-
x-amz-date:时间戳
-
x-amz-signature:签名
-
key:文件名
-
x-amz-algorithm:签名算法
-
x-amz-credential:认证授权
-
policy:凭证token
前端收到后,将该凭证连同文件流一并上传到Minio服务器:
uploadFile(file, policy) {
console.log("准备上传文件:")
console.log("file:" + file)
console.log("policy:" + policy)
var formData = new FormData()
formData.append('file', file)
formData.append('key', policy['key'])
formData.append('x-amz-algorithm', policy['x-amz-algorithm'])
formData.append('x-amz-credential', policy['x-amz-credential'])
formData.append('x-amz-signature', policy['x-amz-signature'])
formData.append('x-amz-date', policy['x-amz-date'])
formData.append('policy', policy['policy'])
return new Promise(((resolve, reject) => {
$.ajax({
method: 'POST',
url: 'http://mylocalhost:9001/' + policy['bucket'],
data: formData,
dataType: 'json',
contentType: false,
processData: false,
xhr: function xhr() {
var xhr = $.ajaxSettings.xhr();
if (xhr.upload) {
xhr.upload.addEventListener('progress', function (e) {
var percentage = parseInt(e.loaded / e.total * 100)
vm.uploadResult = percentage + "%" + ":" + policy['key']
}, false);
}
return xhr;
},
success: function (result) {
vm.uploadResult = '文件上传成功:' + policy['key']
resolve(result)
},
error: function (e) {
reject()
}
})
}))
},
这样就完成了获取上传凭证并上传文件。
分片上传、秒传、断点续传
分片上传
分片上传可以用在大文件上传上,一个100M的文件可以分成10份,每份10M,一共传输10次,这有以下好处:
-
Minio做了集群,用Nginx转发,那么分片上传可以降低单台Minio服务器的性能压力
-
多线程上传可以加快上传效率
秒传
现在说说秒传,我们上传一个文件之前,可以用工具生成MD5字符串,就好像这样:
3cc1f3c3c2d1a29ecf60ffad4de278c7
然后拼接上文件名:
3cc1f3c3c2d1a29ecf60ffad4de278c7_寂寞的季节.mp4
这时候去向后端申请上传凭证的时候,后端可以先去看看文件是否已存在,如果文件已存在,就不用生成凭证了,直接告诉前端该文件已经上传完毕,由此实现文件秒传。
这样的好处是:
-
降低Minio服务器压力
-
响应秒回,用户体验提高
断点续传
结合分片上传和秒传的原理,我们可以来做到断点续传。
场景:当我们要上传一个大文件的时候,进度到一半了,这时候网络掉线导致上传失败,网络恢复后又要重新上传,这就很崩溃。
处理方式:大文件也可以分成一个个小文件来上传,这样即便上传到一半网络掉线,恢复上传的时候可以跳过前一半已上传的部分,接着上传后面一半。
文件合并
当我们分片上传后,后端还需要提供接口,来将所有分片数据合并:
@GetMapping("/compose")
public void merge() {
List<ComposeSource> sources = new ArrayList<>();
sources.add(ComposeSource.builder()
.bucket("slice")
.object("0寂寞的季节.mp4")
.build());
sources.add(ComposeSource.builder()
.bucket("slice")
.object("1寂寞的季节.mp4")
.build());
sources.add(ComposeSource.builder()
.bucket("slice")
.object("2寂寞的季节.mp4")
.build());
final ComposeObjectArgs args = ComposeObjectArgs.builder()
.bucket("demo")
.object("寂寞的季节.mp4")
.sources(sources)
.build();
try {
minioClient.composeObject(args);
} catch (MinioException | InvalidKeyException | IOException | NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
上面的示例很简单,因为只做演示说明。
前端需要传的参数是:
-
分片桶:slice
- 分片数据数组:
-
0寂寞的季节.mp4
-
1寂寞的季节.mp4
-
2寂寞的季节.mp4
-
-
目标桶:demo
然后调用composeObject函数完成合并。
前端示例代码分享
上面就是关于实战经验分享的全部了,因为需要前端配置来使用,所以这里给出我这篇文章的前端示例,很简单的单页面(技术栈就别吐槽了):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/vue/2.7.14/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.4/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/spark-md5/3.0.2/spark-md5.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{title}}</h1>
<br>
<form @submit.prevent="getPolicyForm">
<label>
桶名
<input type="text" v-model="policyParams.bucket">
</label>
<br>
<label>
文件名
<input type="text" v-model="policyParams.filename">
</label>
<br>
<button type="submit">获取上传凭证</button>
<br>
<div v-for="(val, key) in policy" :key="key">{{ key }}: <span>{{ val }}</span></div>
</form>
<br>
<form @submit.prevent="uploadFileForm" v-show="policy != null">
<label>
文件
<input type="file" @change="fileChange">
</label>
<br>
<br>
<button type="submit" v-show="file != null">上传文件</button>
</form>
---
<br>
<div v-show="file != null">
<button @click="sliceEvent">测试文件分片上传</button>
|
<button @click="sliceComposeEvent">分片文件合并</button>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<p>{{uploadResult}}</p>
<ul>
<li v-for="(item, index) in sliceUploadResult" :key="index">{{ item }}</li>
</ul>
<br>
</div>
<script>
var vm = new Vue({
el: "#app",
data() {
return {
title: "Minio测试"
, policyParams: {
bucket: null
, filename: null
}
, policy: null
, file: null
, uploadParams: {
file: null
}
, sliceParams: {
bucket: ""
, filename: ""
, file: null
}
, slicePolicys: []
, sliceCount: 0
, uploadResult: null
, sliceUploadResult: null
};
},
methods: {
getPolicyForm() {
this.policyParams.bucket = "demo"
this.policyParams.filename = "寂寞的季节.mp4"
this.requestPolicy(this.policyParams)
},
requestPolicy(params) {
return new Promise(((resolve, reject) => {
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "http://localhost:8888/presign",
contentType: "application/json",
data: JSON.stringify(params),
success: function (result) {
console.log(result)
vm.policy = result;
resolve(result)
},
error: function (e) {
reject()
}
});
}))
},
fileChange(event) {
const file = event.target.files[0]
this.file = file
},
uploadFileForm() {
this.uploadFile(this.file, this.policy)
},
uploadFile(file, policy) {
console.log("准备上传文件:")
console.log("file:" + file)
console.log("policy:" + policy)
var formData = new FormData()
formData.append('file', file)
formData.append('key', policy['key'])
formData.append('x-amz-algorithm', policy['x-amz-algorithm'])
formData.append('x-amz-credential', policy['x-amz-credential'])
formData.append('x-amz-signature', policy['x-amz-signature'])
formData.append('x-amz-date', policy['x-amz-date'])
formData.append('policy', policy['policy'])
return new Promise(((resolve, reject) => {
$.ajax({
method: 'POST',
url: 'http://mylocalhost:9001/' + policy['bucket'],
data: formData,
dataType: 'json',
contentType: false,
processData: false,
xhr: function xhr() {
var xhr = $.ajaxSettings.xhr();
if (xhr.upload) {
xhr.upload.addEventListener('progress', function (e) {
var percentage = parseInt(e.loaded / e.total * 100)
vm.uploadResult = percentage + "%" + ":" + policy['key']
}, false);
}
return xhr;
},
success: function (result) {
vm.uploadResult = '文件上传成功:' + policy['key']
resolve(result)
},
error: function (e) {
reject()
}
})
}))
},
sliceEvent() {
var file = this.file
var chunkSize = 5 * 1024 * 1024
var totalChunk = Math.ceil(file.size / chunkSize)
var chunks = []
for (var i = 0; i < totalChunk; i++) {
var start = i * chunkSize
var end = Math.min(file.size, start + chunkSize)
var blob = file.slice(start, end)
chunks.push(blob)
}
console.log(totalChunk)
this.sliceUploadResult = Array(totalChunk).fill(0)
for (let i = 0; i < chunks.length; i++) {
var file = chunks[i];
this.calculateMD5(file)
.then((md5) => {
console.log(md5);
})
.catch((error) => {
console.error(error);
});
}
return
var index = 0;
while (index < totalChunk) {
console.log('------------------------------')
params = {
"bucket": "slice",
"filename": index + "寂寞的季节.mp4"
}
var policyPromise = this.requestPolicy(params);
(function (index) {
var file = chunks[index]
policyPromise.then(function (result) {
var filename = result['key']
console.log('准备上传文件:', filename, ',序号为:', index)
vm.uploadFile(file, result).then(function (result) {
console.log('上传完成:' + filename)
vm.sliceUploadResult[index] = ('分片文件上传成功:' + filename)
})
})
})(index)
index++
}
},
sliceComposeEvent() {
var parmas = {}
$.ajax({
method: 'POST',
url: 'http://localhost:8888/compose',
data: formData,
dataType: 'json',
contentType: false,
processData: false,
xhr: function xhr() {
var xhr = $.ajaxSettings.xhr();
if (xhr.upload) {
xhr.upload.addEventListener('progress', function (e) {
var percentage = parseInt(e.loaded / e.total * 100)
vm.uploadResult = percentage + "%" + ":" + policy['key']
}, false);
}
return xhr;
},
success: function (result) {
vm.uploadResult = '文件上传成功:' + policy['key']
resolve(result)
},
error: function (e) {
reject()
}
})
},
calculateMD5(file) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.readAsArrayBuffer(file);
reader.onload = () => {
const spark = new SparkMD5.ArrayBuffer();
spark.append(reader.result);
const md5 = spark.end();
resolve(md5);
};
reader.onerror = (error) => {
reject(error);
};
});
}
},
mounted() {
},
created() {
},
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
参考资料
[1]文章来源:https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-756412.html
http://mylocalhost:9001: https://link.juejin.cn/?target=http%3A%2F%2Fmylocalhost%3A9001文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-756412.html
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