![集群外部署prometheus+grafana监控k8s,# 4-Prometheus监控系统(K8S),# 1-Prometheus监控系统,prometheus,grafana,kubernetes](https://imgs.yssmx.com/Uploads/2023/12/766767-1.png)
一、环境信息
1、服务器及K8S版本信息:
IP地址 | 主机名称 | 角色 | K8S版本 |
---|---|---|---|
16.32.15.200 | master-1 | Master节点 | v1.23.0 |
16.32.15.201 | node-1 | Node节点 | v1.23.0 |
16.32.15.202 | node-2 | Node节点 | v1.23.0 |
2、部署组件版本:
序号 | 名称 | 版本 | 作用 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Prometheus | v2.33.5 | 收集、存储和处理指标数据 |
2 | Node_exporter | v0.16.0 | 采集服务器指标,如CPU、内存、磁盘、网络等 |
3 | Kube-state-metrics | v1.9.0 | 采集K8S资源指标,如Pod、Node、Deployment、Service等 |
4 | Grafana | v8.4.5 | 可视化展示Prometheus收集数据 |
3、离线包下载:
包括本实验的离线镜像包、导入Grafana所需的模板文件。
点击下载:
二、部署前准备工作
1、创建名称空间,下面所有资源都放到这里
kubectl create ns prometheus
2、创建ServiceAccount账号,并绑定cluster-admin集群角色(Prometheus中需要指定)
kubectl create serviceaccount prometheus -n prometheus
kubectl create clusterrolebinding prometheus-clusterrolebinding -n prometheus --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=prometheus:prometheus
kubectl create clusterrolebinding prometheus-clusterrolebinding-1 -n prometheus --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=system:serviceaccount:prometheus:prometheus
3、创建Prometheus存放数据目录
注意:我准备将Prometheus
服务部署在Node-1
节点,所以此步骤在Node-1
节点执行
mkdir /data
chmod -R 777 /data
4、创建Grafana存放数据目录
我准备将Grafana
服务部署在Node-1
节点,所以此步骤也在Node-1
节点执行
mkdir /var/lib/grafana/ -p
chmod 777 /var/lib/grafana/
5、时间同步 && 时区同步
# 时间同步
yum -y install ntpdate
/usr/sbin/ntpdate -u ntp1.aliyun.com
# 时区同步
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
定时同步:每天凌晨5点进行时间同步
echo "0 5 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate -u ntp1.aliyun.com >/dev/null &" >> /var/spool/cron/root
6、提前下载所需镜像
docker pull prom/prometheus:v2.33.5
docker pull prom/node-exporter:v0.16.0
docker pull quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0
docker pull grafana/grafana:8.4.5
三、部署Prometheus监控系统
1、创建 ConfigMap资源
vim prometheus-cfg.yaml
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
name: prometheus-config
namespace: prometheus
data:
prometheus.yml: |
global:
scrape_interval: 15s # 采集目标主机监控据的时间间隔
scrape_timeout: 10s # 数据采集超时时间,默认10s
evaluation_interval: 1m # 触发告警检测的时间,默认是1m
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'kubernetes-node'
kubernetes_sd_configs: # 基于K8S的服务发现
- role: node # 使用node模式服务发现
relabel_configs: # 正则匹配
- source_labels: [__address__] # 匹配带有IP的标签
regex: '(.*):10250' # 10250端口(kubelet端口)
replacement: '${1}:9100' # 替换成9100
target_label: __address__
action: replace
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- job_name: 'kubernetes-node-cadvisor' # cadvisor容器用于收集和提供有关节点上运行的容器的资源使用情况和性能指标
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap # 把匹配到的标签保留
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+) # 保留匹配到的具有__meta_kubernetes_node_label的标签
- target_label: __address__
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
- job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
- job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints # 使用k8s中的endpoint模式服务发现
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
action: keep # 采集满足条件的实例,其他实例不采集
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_name
执行配置清单:
kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
查看ConfigMap资源信息:
kubectl get configmap -n prometheus prometheus-config
2、创建 Deployment资源
vim prometheus-deploy.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: prometheus-server
namespace: prometheus
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: prometheus
component: server
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
component: server
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'
spec:
nodeName: node-1 # 调度到node-1节点
serviceAccountName: prometheus # 指定sa服务账号
containers:
- name: prometheus
image: prom/prometheus:v2.33.5
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
command: # 启动时运行的命令
- prometheus
- --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml # 指定配置文件
- --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus # 数据存放目录
- --storage.tsdb.retention=720h # 暴露720小时(30天)
- --web.enable-lifecycle # 开启热加载
ports:
- containerPort: 9090
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/prometheus # 将prometheus-config卷挂载至/etc/prometheus
name: prometheus-config
- mountPath: /prometheus/
name: prometheus-storage-volume
#- name: localtime
# mountPath: /etc/localtime
volumes:
#- name: localtime
#hostPath:
#path: /etc/localtime
#type: File
- name: prometheus-config # 将prometheus-config做成卷
configMap:
name: prometheus-config
- name: prometheus-storage-volume
hostPath:
path: /data
type: Directory
注意1:我把Prometheus部署到node-1
节点,这里填写节点名称,根据自己当前的环境写,其他配置如果是跟做,都不用改!!
注意2:可以将宿主机 /etc/localtime
文件挂载到容器中,但是第一次部署Prometheus可能会受到影响(也有可能是我是VMware虚拟机原因),如果访问Prometheus WEB页面提示时间不对,可以在``文件中添加如下配置,然后在apply一下即可!
- name: localtime
mountPath: /etc/localtime
volumes:
- name: localtime
hostPath:
path: /etc/localtime
type: File
执行配置清单:
kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
查看Deployment资源信息:
kubectl get deployment prometheus-server -n prometheus
3、创建 Service资源
vim prometheus-svc.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: prometheus-svc
namespace: prometheus
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 9090
targetPort: 9090
nodePort: 31090
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: prometheus
component: server
执行配置清单:
kubectl apply -f prometheus-svc.yaml
查看Service资源信息:
kubectl get svc prometheus-svc -n prometheus
4、浏览器访问:http://IP:31090
如上图,没有提示时间对上的问题,表示只此步骤,无误。
四、部署Node_exporter组件
我直接写到一个文件中了,方便执行!
vim node-export.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: node-exporter
namespace: prometheus
labels:
name: node-exporter
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
name: node-exporter
template:
metadata:
labels:
name: node-exporter
spec:
hostPID: true
hostIPC: true
# 使用物理机IP地址(调度到那个节点,就使用该节点IP地址)
hostNetwork: true
containers:
- name: node-exporter
image: prom/node-exporter:v0.16.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
# 暴露端口
- containerPort: 9100
resources:
requests:
cpu: 0.15
securityContext:
privileged: true
args:
- --path.procfs
- /host/proc
- --path.sysfs
- /host/sys
- --collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points
- '"^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($|/)"'
volumeMounts:
- name: dev
mountPath: /host/dev
- name: proc
mountPath: /host/proc
- name: sys
mountPath: /host/sys
- name: rootfs
mountPath: /rootfs
- name: localtime
mountPath: /etc/localtime
# 指定容忍度,允许调度到master节点
tolerations:
- key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master"
operator: "Exists"
effect: "NoSchedule"
volumes:
- name: proc
hostPath:
path: /proc
- name: dev
hostPath:
path: /dev
- name: sys
hostPath:
path: /sys
- name: rootfs
hostPath:
path: /
- name: localtime
hostPath:
path: /etc/localtime
type: File
注意:需要根据环境修改容忍度tolerations
允许调度到Master节点,其他不用修改!!
可以使用以下命令查看master-1节点中的污点是什么,然后配置到上面的tolerations
。
kubectl describe node master-1|grep -w Taints
执行资源清单:
kubectl apply -f node-export.yaml
查看资源信息,正常三个节点都要部署node_exporter,如果没有master节点,就要检查上面容忍度配置了。
kubectl get pods -n prometheus -o wide
五、部署Kube_state_metrics组件
关于kube-state-metrics资源,我也都写到一个文件中了,直接执行,不需要修改(前提是按照上面环境跟做的!)
vim kube-state-metrics.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: prometheus
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["nodes", "pods", "services", "resourcequotas", "replicationcontrollers", "limitranges", "persistentvolumeclaims", "persistentvolumes", "namespaces", "endpoints"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
resources: ["daemonsets", "deployments", "replicasets"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["apps"]
resources: ["statefulsets"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["batch"]
resources: ["cronjobs", "jobs"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["autoscaling"]
resources: ["horizontalpodautoscalers"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: prometheus
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: prometheus
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: kube-state-metrics
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
containers:
- name: kube-state-metrics
image: quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: prometheus
labels:
app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
ports:
- name: kube-state-metrics
port: 8080
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: kube-state-metrics
执行资源清单:
kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics.yaml
查看资源信息:
kubectl get pods -n prometheus
六、部署Grafana可视化平台
注意:修改nodeName
指定部署到Node节点,其他不用修改!!
vim grafana.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: grafana-server
namespace: prometheus
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
template:
metadata:
labels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
spec:
nodeName: node-1 # 部署到那个节点
containers:
- name: grafana
image: grafana/grafana:8.4.5
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
name: ca-certificates
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /var
name: grafana-storage
- mountPath: /var/lib/grafana/
name: lib
#- name: localtime
#mountPath: /etc/localtime
env:
- name: INFLUXDB_HOST
value: monitoring-influxdb
- name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
value: "3000"
# The following env variables are required to make Grafana accessible via
# the kubernetes api-server proxy. On production clusters, we recommend
# removing these env variables, setup auth for grafana, and expose the grafana
# service using a LoadBalancer or a public IP.
- name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
value: "false"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
value: "true"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
value: Admin
- name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
# If you're only using the API Server proxy, set this value instead:
# value: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy
value: /
volumes:
#- name: localtime
#hostPath:
#path: /etc/localtime
- name: ca-certificates
hostPath:
path: /etc/ssl/certs
- name: grafana-storage
emptyDir: {}
- name: lib
hostPath:
path: /var/lib/grafana/
type: DirectoryOrCreate
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
# For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)
# If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafana
name: grafana-svc
namespace: prometheus
spec:
# In a production setup, we recommend accessing Grafana through an external Loadbalancer
# or through a public IP.
# type: LoadBalancer
# You could also use NodePort to expose the service at a randomly-generated port
# type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 3000
nodePort: 31091
selector:
k8s-app: grafana
type: NodePort
执行资源清单:
kubectl apply -f grafana.yaml
查看资源信息:
kubectl get pods -n prometheus
浏览器访问:http://IP:31091
OK,浏览器可以访问到Grafana,表示至此步骤,无误!
七、Grafana接入Prometheus数据
1、点击 设置
> Data Sources
> Add data source
> 选择Prometheus
2、填写Name
、URL
字段URL
使用SVC的域名,格式是:SVC名称.名称空间.svc
http://prometheus-svc.prometheus.svc:9090
3、往下滑,点击 Save & test
八、Grafana添加监控模板
模板可以去这个地址下载,Grafana模板下载地址:,下面我推荐几个对我来说比较满意的。
序号 | 模板文件 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
1 | 1860_rev32.json |
服务器监控模板-1 |
2 | node_exporter.json |
服务器监控模板-2 |
3 | docker_rev1.json |
Docker监控模板 |
4 | Kubernetes-1577674936972.json |
K8S集群监控模板 |
5 | Kubernetes-1577691996738.json |
K8S集群监控模板 |
1、我以导入 1860_rev32.json
服务器监控模板为例子演示:
最终效果:
2、导入node_exporter.json
服务器监控-2模板:
最终效果图:
3、导入docker_rev1.json
Docker监控模板:
最终效果:
4、导入Kubernetes-1577674936972.json
K8S-1监控模板:
最终效果:
5、导入Kubernetes-1577691996738.json
K8S-2监控模板:
最终效果:
九、拓展
1、Prometheus热加载
curl -XPOST http://16.32.15.200:31090/-/reload
2、新增监控Service服务
问:为什么我添加的Service服务,在Prometheus中查看不到????
答:在Service中添加注解才可以被Prometheus发现,如下图,这是我们定义的ConfigMap内容:
案例:以上面定义的prometheus-svc 为例子,添加prometheus_io_scrape
注解。
vim prometheus-svc.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: prometheus-svc
namespace: prometheus
labels:
app: prometheus
annotations:
prometheus_io_scrape: "true" # 注解,有这个才可以被Prometheus发现
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 9090
targetPort: 9090
nodePort: 31090
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: prometheus
component: server
更新一下资源清单:
kubectl apply -f prometheus-svc.yaml
热加载一下Prometheus:
curl -XPOST http://16.32.15.200:31090/-/reload
OK,Prometheus已经监控上了,如下图:
3、prometheus配置注意项:文章来源:https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-766767.html
scrape_interval
采集时间的值,要小于evaluation_interval
发送告警的值,比如 scrape_interval
5分钟采集一次,evaluation_interval
是1分钟告警一次,这样会产生5条告警,因为 scrape_interval
是10分钟采集一次,而scrape_interval
告警的是旧的值。文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-766767.html
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