我在多台 ubuntu server 上使用 jenkins 账户运行 selenium webdriver 时都遇到了这个问题。
包括 ubuntu 16.04, ubuntu 18.04 和 ubuntu 20.04 的 server 系统,这是一个普遍存在的问题。
失败时的错误信息如下:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
(unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
(The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
下面是我尝试使用一个简单脚本复现问题时的详细日志:
(venv) jenkins@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ python3 Others/testSample.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "Others/testSample.py", line 28, in <module>
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)
File "/scratch/test/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 69, in __init__
super().__init__(DesiredCapabilities.CHROME['browserName'], "goog",
File "/scratch/test/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
super().__init__(
File "/scratch/test/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 277, in __init__
self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
File "/scratch/test/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 370, in start_session
response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
File "/scratch/test/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 435, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
File "/scratch/test/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 247, in check_response
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
(unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
(The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Stacktrace:
#0 0x5565e64e1463 <unknown>
#1 0x5565e62a58d8 <unknown>
#2 0x5565e62cdb6a <unknown>
#3 0x5565e62c8c05 <unknown>
#4 0x5565e630c802 <unknown>
#5 0x5565e630c2af <unknown>
#6 0x5565e6304443 <unknown>
#7 0x5565e62d53c5 <unknown>
#8 0x5565e62d6531 <unknown>
#9 0x5565e6533dce <unknown>
#10 0x5565e6537192 <unknown>
#11 0x5565e651893e <unknown>
#12 0x5565e6538103 <unknown>
#13 0x5565e650bd85 <unknown>
#14 0x5565e65590a8 <unknown>
#15 0x5565e6559239 <unknown>
#16 0x5565e6574492 <unknown>
#17 0x7f78ae631609 start_thread
(venv) jenkins@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$
但是如果我使用另一个账户进行测试则表现正常:
(venv) rocky@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ python3 Others/testSample.py
URL: http://bp3.newbiestart.net/, Title: Home - BP3
Checkbox is not selected, click it
Checkbox is selected
URL: http://bp3.newbiestart.net/, Title: Home - BP3
(venv) rocky@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$
这两个测试的唯一区别是账户不同,一个是普通账户 rocky,另外一个是 jenkins 账户。
这个问题持续了好久,能想到的各种环境因素都试过了,也根据前面的错误信息使用百度和谷歌翻了很多网页,一直没有解决。
直到有一天,我突然想起来,应该缩小排查的范围,使用 jenkins 直接运行 Chrome 无头浏览器(headless) 看看。
果不其然,在 jenkins 上运行 Chrome 无头浏览器也失败了,惊喜的是,这次运行给出了明确的错误信息。
以下是我分别使用普通账户和 jenkins 账户在命令函运行 Chrome 无头浏览器的日志:
- 使用 rocky 账户运行 google-chrome headless 正常
(venv) rocky@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ google-chrome --headless --disable-gpu --dump-dom https://www.baidu.com
[1220/215744.646207:WARNING:bluez_dbus_manager.cc(247)] Floss manager not present, cannot set Floss enable/disable.
[1220/215744.672649:WARNING:sandbox_linux.cc(380)] InitializeSandbox() called with multiple threads in process gpu-process.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head>
...
... 这中间是正常的网页内容
...
</script><script defer="" src="//hectorstatic.baidu.com/96c9c06653ba892e.js"></script></body></html>
(venv) rocky@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$
- 使用 jenkins 账户运行 google-chrome headless 异常
(venv) jenkins@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ google-chrome --headless --disable-gpu --dump-dom https://www.baidu.com
[1220/215611.305649:ERROR:filesystem_posix.cc(63)] mkdir /tmp/Crashpad/new: Permission denied (13)
[1220/215611.306044:ERROR:socket.cc(120)] recvmsg: Connection reset by peer (104)
Trace/breakpoint trap (core dumped)
(venv) jenkins@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$
这里提示无法创建 /tmp/Crashpad/new
目录,原因是 “Permission denied”.
转到 /tmp
目录下一看,“Crashpad” 目录的主人是 rocky 账户,而且 jenkins 没有任何权限。
(venv) rocky@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ ls -lh /tmp/
total 3.0M
drwxrwxr-x 3 andrew users 4.0K Oct 31 17:52 8863542
drwxrwxr-x 3 andrew users 4.0K Oct 31 18:04 8882707
-rw-r----- 1 andrew users 49K Dec 6 17:13 adb.36670.log
drwx------ 6 rocky users 4.0K Dec 20 20:53 Crashpad
对比虚拟机上可以正常执行 jenkins 的环境:
(venv) ygu@bp3tester:/local/bp3Test/sampleKeywordTest$ ls -lh /tmp/
total 3.3M
drwx------ 6 jenkins jenkins 4.0K Dec 3 00:06 Crashpad
drwxr-xr-x 2 jenkins jenkins 4.0K Dec 20 21:45 hsperfdata_jenkins
这里可以看到,虚拟机上正常执行环境的 /tmp/Crashpad
属于 jenkins 账户。
找到了原因,解决的办法就容易了。
有以下几种办法:
-
将
/tmp/Crashpad
目录的拥有者更改为 jenkins$ sudo chown -R jenkins:jenkins /tmp/Crashpad
-
不改变
/tmp/Crashpad
目录的拥有者,但将其权限设置为 777,让 jenkins 账户也可以操作$ sudo chmod -R 777 /tmp/Crashpad
问题完美解决。
如果你在 ubuntu server 上运行 selenium webdriver 失败,建议做如下检查:
-
server 上是否安装了 Chrome 浏览器应用?
-
运行 selenium webdriver 时是否下载并指定了 Chrome 对应的 webdriver?
-
使用 jenkins 在没有图形界面的环境下运行 selenium,需要将其设置为无头模式(headless)文章来源:https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-784595.html
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options as ChromeOptions from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager chrome_options = ChromeOptions() chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox') chrome_options.add_argument('--headless') chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-extensions') chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage') # 这里使用 ChromeDriverManager 自动安装 webdriver chrome_service = ChromeService(executable_path=ChromeDriverManager().install()) driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=chrome_service, options=chrome_options) ...
-
尝试在命令行直接以无头模式运行 Chrome文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-784595.html
$ google-chrome --headless --disable-gpu --dump-dom https://www.baidu.com
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