浅谈Vue中的NextTick。-Toy模板网

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一、NextTick()

等待下一次 DOM 更新刷新的工具方法。（在修改数据后使用这个方法，能获取更新的dom）

当你在 Vue 中更改响应式状态时，最终的 DOM 更新并不是同步生效的，而是由 Vue 将它们缓存在一个队列中，直到下一个“tick”才一起执行。这样是为了确保每个组件无论发生多少状态改变，都仅执行一次更新。nextTick() 可以在状态改变后立即使用，以等待 DOM 更新完成。你可以传递一个回调函数作为参数，或者 await 返回的 Promise。(节省性能，如果每次更新都直接触发dom更新，消耗性能，vue本身就是创建虚拟dom也就是JS对象来节省开销，批量执行dom,可以避免不需要的DOM更新)

二、实例

<script setup>
import { ref, nextTick } from 'vue'

const count = ref(0)

async function increment() {
  count.value++

  // DOM 还未更新
  console.log(document.getElementById('counter').textContent) // 0

  await nextTick()
  // DOM 此时已经更新
  console.log(document.getElementById('counter').textContent) // 1
}
</script>

<template>
  <button id="counter" @click="increment">{{ count }}</button>
</template>

三、NextTick源码

import { noop } from 'shared/util'
import { handleError } from './error'
import { isIE, isIOS, isNative } from './env'

export let isUsingMicroTask = false

const callbacks = []
let pending = false

function flushCallbacks () {
  pending = false
  const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
  callbacks.length = 0
  for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
    copies[i]()
  }
}

// Promise is available, we will use it:
/* istanbul ignore next, $flow-disable-line */
if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
  const p = Promise.resolve()
  timerFunc = () => {
    p.then(flushCallbacks)
    // In problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
    // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
    // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
    // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
    // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
    if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop)
  }
  isUsingMicroTask = true
} else if (!isIE && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
  isNative(MutationObserver) ||
  // PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
  MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
)) {
  // Use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
  // e.g. PhantomJS, iOS7, Android 4.4
  // (#6466 MutationObserver is unreliable in IE11)
  let counter = 1
  const observer = new MutationObserver(flushCallbacks)
  const textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
  observer.observe(textNode, {
    characterData: true
  })
  timerFunc = () => {
    counter = (counter + 1) % 2
    textNode.data = String(counter)
  }
  isUsingMicroTask = true
} else if (typeof setImmediate !== 'undefined' && isNative(setImmediate)) {
  // Fallback to setImmediate.
  // Technically it leverages the (macro) task queue,
  // but it is still a better choice than setTimeout.
  timerFunc = () => {
    setImmediate(flushCallbacks)
  }
} else {
  // Fallback to setTimeout.
  timerFunc = () => {
    setTimeout(flushCallbacks, 0)
  }
}

export function nextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) {
  let _resolve
  callbacks.push(() => {
    if (cb) {
      try {
        cb.call(ctx)
      } catch (e) {
        handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick')
      }
    } else if (_resolve) {
      _resolve(ctx)
    }
  })
  if (!pending) {
    pending = true
    timerFunc()
  }
  // $flow-disable-line
  if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
    return new Promise(resolve => {
      _resolve = resolve
    })
  }
}