【New words and expressions】生词和短语（13）
art n. 艺术
critic n. 评论家
paint v. 画
pretend v. 假装
pattern n. 图案
curtain n. 窗帘，幕布
material n. 材料
appreciate v. 鉴赏
notice v. 注意到
whether conj. 是否
hang v. 悬挂，吊
critically adv. 批评地
upside down 上下颠倒地（两个同样的音连在一起时, 前面的音声去不读）
★art n. 艺术
art student 艺术系的学生
I am an art student. （注意连读） English student 学英语的学生student of England 英国学生
art gallery 艺术画廊 (gallery n. 长廊, 游廊；画廊) black art 巫术
artist n. 艺术家
artiste n. 艺人
★critic n. 评论家
criticise v. 批评, 批判(主要指批判, 但不完全是责备的意思) He criticised my painting.
criticism n. 批评, 批判
critical adj. 挑剔的
You are critical.
critically adv. 爱挑剔的
★paint v. 画
draw a picture 用线条画
paint a picture 强调油画
painting n. 画
oil painting 油画 ；Chinese painting 中国国画
Beijing opera 国戏, 京剧
★pretend v. 假装
pretend to do sth. 假装……
When his mother came in,the baby pretended to go to sleep. pretend that +从句 假装……
★pattern n. 图案
① n. 图案
pattern drills
② n. 模式, 典范
★material n. 材料
listening material 听力材料
★appreciate v. 鉴赏 ＝ understand and enjoy appreciate sth. 感激……
I appreciate your help. 我很感激你的帮助
appreciate doing sth. 我很喜欢做某事
enjoy v. 欣赏，得到享受，乐趣
I like… I love…
I enjoy…
I appreciate… （程度一个比一个深）
I like sth.
I like sth. very much. I like sth. better.
I like sth. best.
★notice v. 注意到
① vt. 注意到，察觉到（不用进行时）
You never notice what’s going on around you.
notice 细节上的注意, 往往是别人没注意的东西, 你注意到了, 细节上的东西
I notice the beauty spot.(美人痣) pay attention to 思想上的注意
② n. 注意，察觉
The girl in red caught his notice.
③ n.（书面的）通知，布告，海报
I know there’s a meeting, because someone put up a notice outside the Town Hall.
★whether conj. 是否
if 在表示“是否”的时候可以被 whether 所取代；if 在表示“如果”的时候不可以用 whether 取代
whether…or not =if
If it will rain… (不是条件状语从句, 故可以用将来时 will)
=Whether it will rain…/Whether it will rain or not…(可以加 “not” ) I wondered if it will rain.(不加 “not” )
★hang v. 悬挂, 吊
① vt.&vi（将……）悬挂，吊
A pretty curtain hangs over the window. hang — hung — hung v. 悬挂
The coat was hung.
hang — hanged — hanged v. 绞死, 吊死
The thief was hanged.
② vt.&vi 垂下
John was very tired. He sat in a chair and hung (down) his head.
③ vt.&vi 安装……使能转动/摆动
Have you hung the door? 你把门装上了吗？
★upside down 上下颠倒地
① 上下颠倒
When he stands on his head, everything appears upside down to him.
② 乱七八糟，混乱不堪
My little boy always makes the room upside down. These men have made the whole country upside down.
【Text】
I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand modern art. They always tell you what a picture is 'about'. Of course, many pictures are not 'about' anything. They are just pretty patterns. We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday.
'What are you doing?' she asked.
'I'm hanging this picture on the wall,' I answered. 'It's a new one. Do you like it?'
She looked at it critically for a moment. 'It's all right,' she said, 'but isn't it upside down?' I looked at it again. She was right! It was!
参考译文
我是个学艺术的学生, 画了很多画. 有很多人装成很懂现代艺术的样子, 总是告诉你一幅画的 “意思” 是什么. 当然, 有很多画是什么 “意思” 也没有的. 它们就是些好看的图案, 我们喜爱它们就像我们喜欢漂亮的窗帘布一样. 我觉得小孩子们往往比任何人都更能欣赏现代绘画, 他们观察到的东西更多. 我的妹妹只有 7 岁, 但她总能说出我的画是好还是坏. 昨天她到我房里来了.
【课文讲解】
1、They are just pretty patterns.
just 在此处指“只是，仅仅（是）”
It was just a wrong number.
just 另一个意思是“刚才，正好，正是”
It’s just six o’clock.
I’ve just heard the news.
2、We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. pretty curtain material 漂亮的窗帘布
in the same way that =as… 正如……一样
The son walked in the same way that/as his father walked. I love you in the same way that I love my father.
I love you just in the same way that I love money. in a way 以某种方式
3、I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else.
else 跟在 anyone,anything 等不定代词的后面，表示“另外/加、其它/他的、不同的”，else 也可跟疑问
代词连用，如 who else，what else
I can find nothing else here excep an old dictionary. They can appreciate modern arts best.
better than anyone else 比其他任何人(表示最高级的含义)
用比较级表示最高级：
The teacher is the tallest.
The teacher is taller than anyone else. (“else”不能少, 把主语从“anyone”中排除) The book is more expensive than anything else.
4、My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not.
连接词whether…or not 可以表示选择：
I don’t know whether you are interested (in it) or not. You must help him, whether you like him or not.
不管你是否喜欢他，你（都）必须帮助他。
5、'I'm hanging this picture on the wall,' I answered.
the windows in the wall /picture on the wall 注意介词的不同
6、'It's all right,' she said, 'but isn't it upside down?'
Isn’t it upside down? ＝It’s upside down. 否定疑问句，没有否定的意思，起肯定作用，起强调作用，表
达一种情绪
Aren't you lucky? 你真幸运
Isn't it a boy?
【Key structures】
一般现在时
一般现在时可以用于表述现在的特征或状态，也经常用于表述经常性的或习惯性的动作，或带有普遍
性的情况，频度副词可有可无，一般现在时还用于表示普遍性真理。
和人的情绪相连, 跟人的状态相连, 跟人的思维活动相连的动词都不用进行时态，而用于一般现在时， 这些动词是：appear，appreciate，be，believe，feel，find，forget，hear，know，like，look like，notice，remember， resemble，see，think，understand 等等
【Special Difficulties】Speech marks 引号
在书面语会话中，用引号（单引号或双引号）把实际的对话括起来。引号在英文当中第一次出现是单
引号, 第二次出现是双引号, 英文当中的书名号用引号来替代
注意事项 :
① 引号位于一行之上, 它们应在句尾其他标点符号—如逗号、句号、问号—之外.
② 引语的第一个词以大写字母开头.
③ 在 said, asked 等词后面用逗号, 只有当它们位于句尾时, 才在它们的后面用句号.
④ 当 said, asked 等词置于引语之间时, 句子的后半部分以小写字母开始.
⑤ 当一个新的说话人开始讲话时, 要另起一个段落.
【Multiple choice questions】
- What is it about? Tell me ___b___ .
a. what is it about b. what it is about
c. what about it is d. what about is it
疑问句的直接引语变间接引语要注意：
① 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导
② 时态：主句的谓语动词是过去时时, 其从句的谓语动词应为相对应的时态
③ 疑问句变成间接引语时, 要变成陈述句语序
④ 人称的变化
Is it nine o'clock? /He asked me.
He asked me if/whether it was nine o'clock.
What about 中 about 是介词, 后接名词或动词的ing 形式, 不接句子
What about it?
- She tells me______ my pictures are good or not.
a. weather b. that c. if d. unless
没有一个答案是对的
直接引语变间接引语的连接词有３种：陈述句中的 that；一般疑问句中的 if/whether；特殊疑问句中的
特殊疑问词
or not 是否, that 表示肯定
if 不可以与 or not 连用
unless conj. 除外, 如果不(不能用于间接引语连接)
You will fail unless you work harder. 你如果不更加努力工作，你将失败.
- Do you like my picture? It's _ d___ .
a. a new b. one new c. new one d. a new one A 缺名词；B 缺名词或位置错误；C 缺冠词
one 可以作代词, 还可以作数词
10 Young children often appreciate modern pictures. They _ d___ them.
a. estimate b. esteem c. value d. understand and enjoy estimante v. 评估，评价；esteem v. 尊敬；value v. 认为……有价值
9 This curtain material is very good ___b___ .
a. clothes b. cloth c. substance d. matter clothes n. 衣服（读音省略[W] 的音）
cloth n. 布
- They notice more. They______ more.
a. remark b. observe c. say d. take care
在此句中, notice=observe
- It's upside down. It isn't _ d___ .
a. up b. down c. the right way down d. the right way up not the right way down = the right way up文章来源：https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-794398.html
upside down 与 the right way up 意思相反文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-794398.html
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