准备
- 创建openAI 账号(https://platform.openai.com/overview),右上角personal,创建API key。
2. 安装包
pip install openai
pip install --upgrade tiktoken
tiktoken 是用来计算每次查询时的token数,因为openAI是根据token数计费,不是必须安装。
API调用
api key 可以直接明文写在代码中,也可以通过环境变量方式获取
import os
import openai
# OPENAI_API_KEY是自己设定的环境变量名
openai.api_key = os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")
# 明文
openai.api_key = *************
openAI提供了几种不同场景的模型,主要有text completion、code completion、chat completion、image completion,例如chat completion,则调用方式为
openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model="gpt-3.5-turbo",
messages=[
{"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant."},
{"role": "user", "content": "Who won the world series in 2020?"},
{"role": "assistant", "content": "The Los Angeles Dodgers won the World Series in 2020."},
{"role": "user", "content": "Where was it played?"}
]
)
其中
model 是具体的模型,gpt-3.5-turbo是openAI最先进的语言模型,当然也可以用其他模型。
role,三种固定值,
system:类似一种前提,表示后续的对话以此情景为基础;
user:提问者;
assistant:当对话需要结合上下文时,通过它让模型知道之前的对话内容。
content是具体的对话内容
发起一次请求到响应会存在几秒钟的延迟,response 格式如下所示
{
'id': 'chatcmpl-6p9XYPYSTTRi0xEviKjjilqrWU2Ve',
'object': 'chat.completion',
'created': 1677649420,
'model': 'gpt-3.5-turbo',
'usage': {'prompt_tokens': 56, 'completion_tokens': 31, 'total_tokens': 87},
'choices': [
{
'message': {
'role': 'assistant',
'content': 'The 2020 World Series was played in Arlington, Texas at the Globe Life Field, which was the new home stadium for the Texas Rangers.'},
'finish_reason': 'stop',
'index': 0
}
]
}
提取回复内容response['choices'][0]['message']['content']
每次response中不同finish-reason值代表不同状态:
- stop:API返回完整内容
- length:由于max_token限制,回答不完整。
- content_filter:回复被过滤
- null:API还在思考答案
计算token数量
openAI的gpt-3.5-turbo-0301模型token最多4096,超过限制只能缩短请求内容。
而且请求的token和回复的token数会被加一起计费,例如说输入了10个token,openAI回复了20个token,那么最终收费是按照30个token进行收费。
import tiktoken
encoding = tiktoken.encoding_for_model("gpt-3.5-turbo")
def num_tokens_from_string(string: str, encoding_name: str) -> int:
"""Returns the number of tokens in a text string."""
encoding = tiktoken.get_encoding(encoding_name)
num_tokens = len(encoding.encode(string))
return num_tokens
num_tokens_from_string("tiktoken is great!", "cl100k_base")
how to count tokens with tiktoken
示例
- 中文请求
# 中文
Reponse = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model="gpt-3.5-turbo",
messages=[
{"role": "user", "content": "上海在哪里"},
]
)
回复
{
"choices": [
{
"finish_reason": "stop",
"index": 0,
"message": {
"content": "\n\n\u4e0a\u6d77\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u6bd7\u90bb\u6c5f\u82cf\u548c\u6d59\u6c5f\u4e24\u7701\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u957f\u6c5f\u53e3\u548c\u676d\u5dde\u6e7e\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u5750\u6807\u4e3a31.23\u00b0N, 121.47\u00b0E\u3002",
"role": "assistant"
}
}
],
"created": 1678794854,
"id": "chatcmpl-6txWIqBPu6GIbaN7fwnosvKzfkLEE",
"model": "gpt-3.5-turbo-0301",
"object": "chat.completion",
"usage": {
"completion_tokens": 63,
"prompt_tokens": 13,
"total_tokens": 76
}
}
- 翻译
reponse = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model="gpt-3.5-turbo",
messages=[
{"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant that translates English to French."},
{"role": "user", "content": 'Translate the following English text to French: "{text}"'}
]
)
回复
{
"choices": [
{
"finish_reason": "stop",
"index": 0,
"message": {
"content": "Je suis d\u00e9sol\u00e9, je ne peux pas traduire cette demande car il n'y a pas de texte fourni entre les accolades. Veuillez ajouter du texte \u00e0 traduire.",
"role": "assistant"
}
}
],
"created": 1678798886,
"id": "chatcmpl-6tyZKMOnfUUeRIszSmgovSKvzsNfA",
"model": "gpt-3.5-turbo-0301",
"object": "chat.completion",
"usage": {
"completion_tokens": 41,
"prompt_tokens": 34,
"total_tokens": 75
}
}
也可以不加system文章来源:https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-797453.html
reponse = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model="gpt-3.5-turbo",
messages=[
{"role": "user", "content": 'Translate the following English text to French: "{text}"'}
]
)
回复:文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-797453.html
{
"choices": [
{
"finish_reason": "stop",
"index": 0,
"message": {
"content": "\n\n\"{text}\" is already in English and does not need to be translated.",
"role": "assistant"
}
}
],
"created": 1678799017,
"id": "chatcmpl-6tybRxkYc92IE1mXELPuWnw2OFmgE",
"model": "gpt-3.5-turbo-0301",
"object": "chat.completion",
"usage": {
"completion_tokens": 17,
"prompt_tokens": 18,
"total_tokens": 35
}
}
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