【STM32扫描4x4矩阵键盘模块】 4x4 matrix keypad interface
4x4矩阵键盘模块
矩阵键盘是将多个按键排布成类似矩阵形式的键盘组。为了减少IO资源的占用,将键盘组的每一行和每一列接入到GPIO。如下图的薄膜型键盘模块,第一个键盘组是3行x4列,所以共使用了3+4=7个GPIO口,即用7个GPIO表现了12个按键的状态;第二个键盘组是4行x4列,共使用了4+4=8个GPIO,即用8个GPIO表现了16个按键的状态。
怎样用较少的IO口来表示更多的状态呢? 下面分析一下矩阵键盘的原理。
矩阵键盘的原理
下面以4x4矩阵键盘为例:
如上图所示4x4矩阵,同一行的按键开关一侧连接在行线上,从上到下分别记作R1、R2、R3、R4。同一列的按键开关一侧连接在列线上,从左到右分别记作C1、C2、C3、C4。 R1、R2、R3、R4连接到STM32的GPIO,并设置为输出模式。C1、C2、C3、C4接入到STM32的GPIO,设置为输入上拉模式。
行列扫描法
- 第1行输出为0,第2、3、4行输出为1;
- 分别判断四根列线
- C1为低电平, 则按键“1”被按下;
- C2为低电平, 则按键“2”被按下;
- C3为低电平, 则按键“3”被按下;
- C4为低电平, 则按键“A”被按下;
- 第2行输出为0,第1、3、4行输出为1;
- 分别判断四根列线
- C1为低电平, 则按键“4”被按下;
- C2为低电平, 则按键“5”被按下;
- C3为低电平, 则按键“6”被按下;
- C4为低电平, 则按键“B”被按下;
- 第3行输出为0,第1、2、4行输出为1;
- 分别判断四根列线
- C1为低电平, 则按键“7”被按下;
- C2为低电平, 则按键“8”被按下;
- C3为低电平, 则按键“9”被按下;
- C4为低电平, 则按键“C”被按下;
- 第4行输出为0,第1、2、3行输出为1;
- 分别判断四根列线
- C1为低电平, 则按键“*”被按下;
- C2为低电平, 则按键“0”被按下;
- C3为低电平, 则按键“#”被按下;
- C4为低电平, 则按键“D”被按下;
代码实现(基于HAL库)
keypad.h
#ifndef __KEYPAD_H__
#define __KEYPAD_H__
#include "gpio.h"
#include "main.h"
#define KEYPAD_DEBOUNCE_DELAYTIME 20u
#define KEYPAD_COLUMN_4_Pin GPIO_PIN_15
#define KEYPAD_COLUMN_4_GPIO_Port GPIOB
#define KEYPAD_COLUMN_3_Pin GPIO_PIN_14
#define KEYPAD_COLUMN_3_GPIO_Port GPIOB
#define KEYPAD_COLUMN_2_Pin GPIO_PIN_13
#define KEYPAD_COLUMN_2_GPIO_Port GPIOB
#define KEYPAD_COLUMN_1_Pin GPIO_PIN_12
#define KEYPAD_COLUMN_1_GPIO_Port GPIOB
#define KEYPAD_ROW_4_Pin GPIO_PIN_4
#define KEYPAD_ROW_4_GPIO_Port GPIOA
#define KEYPAD_ROW_3_Pin GPIO_PIN_5
#define KEYPAD_ROW_3_GPIO_Port GPIOA
#define KEYPAD_ROW_2_Pin GPIO_PIN_6
#define KEYPAD_ROW_2_GPIO_Port GPIOA
#define KEYPAD_ROW_1_Pin GPIO_PIN_7
#define KEYPAD_ROW_1_GPIO_Port GPIOA
#define KEYPAD_ROW_1_LOW XY_GPIO_SetPinLow(KEYPAD_ROW_1_GPIO_Port, KEYPAD_ROW_1_Pin)
#define KEYPAD_ROW_1_HIGH XY_GPIO_SetPinHigh(KEYPAD_ROW_1_GPIO_Port, KEYPAD_ROW_1_Pin)
#define KEYPAD_ROW_2_LOW XY_GPIO_SetPinLow(KEYPAD_ROW_2_GPIO_Port, KEYPAD_ROW_2_Pin)
#define KEYPAD_ROW_2_HIGH XY_GPIO_SetPinHigh(KEYPAD_ROW_2_GPIO_Port, KEYPAD_ROW_2_Pin)
#define KEYPAD_ROW_3_LOW XY_GPIO_SetPinLow(KEYPAD_ROW_3_GPIO_Port, KEYPAD_ROW_3_Pin)
#define KEYPAD_ROW_3_HIGH XY_GPIO_SetPinHigh(KEYPAD_ROW_3_GPIO_Port, KEYPAD_ROW_3_Pin)
#define KEYPAD_ROW_4_LOW XY_GPIO_SetPinLow(KEYPAD_ROW_4_GPIO_Port, KEYPAD_ROW_4_Pin)
#define KEYPAD_ROW_4_HIGH XY_GPIO_SetPinHigh(KEYPAD_ROW_4_GPIO_Port, KEYPAD_ROW_4_Pin)
#define KEYPAD_ROW_HIGH_BUT_1 \
{\
KEYPAD_ROW_1_LOW;\
KEYPAD_ROW_2_HIGH;\
KEYPAD_ROW_3_HIGH;\
KEYPAD_ROW_4_HIGH;\
}
#define KEYPAD_ROW_HIGH_BUT_2 \
{\
KEYPAD_ROW_1_HIGH;\
KEYPAD_ROW_2_LOW;\
KEYPAD_ROW_3_HIGH;\
KEYPAD_ROW_4_HIGH;\
}
#define KEYPAD_ROW_HIGH_BUT_3 \
{\
KEYPAD_ROW_1_HIGH;\
KEYPAD_ROW_2_HIGH;\
KEYPAD_ROW_3_LOW;\
KEYPAD_ROW_4_HIGH;\
}
#define KEYPAD_ROW_HIGH_BUT_4 \
{\
KEYPAD_ROW_1_HIGH;\
KEYPAD_ROW_2_HIGH;\
KEYPAD_ROW_3_HIGH;\
KEYPAD_ROW_4_LOW;\
}
#define KEYPAD_COLUMN_1_CHECK !XY_GPIO_GetInputPinValue(KEYPAD_COLUMN_1_GPIO_Port, KEYPAD_COLUMN_1_Pin)
#define KEYPAD_COLUMN_2_CHECK !XY_GPIO_GetInputPinValue(KEYPAD_COLUMN_2_GPIO_Port, KEYPAD_COLUMN_2_Pin)
#define KEYPAD_COLUMN_3_CHECK !XY_GPIO_GetInputPinValue(KEYPAD_COLUMN_3_GPIO_Port, KEYPAD_COLUMN_3_Pin)
#define KEYPAD_COLUMN_4_CHECK !XY_GPIO_GetInputPinValue(KEYPAD_COLUMN_4_GPIO_Port, KEYPAD_COLUMN_4_Pin)
#define KEYPAD_NO_PRESSED (uint8_t)0xFF
typedef enum {
KEYPAD_Button_0 = 0x00, /*!< Button 0 code */
KEYPAD_Button_1 = 0x01, /*!< Button 1 code */
KEYPAD_Button_2 = 0x02, /*!< Button 2 code */
KEYPAD_Button_3 = 0x03, /*!< Button 3 code */
KEYPAD_Button_4 = 0x04, /*!< Button 4 code */
KEYPAD_Button_5 = 0x05, /*!< Button 5 code */
KEYPAD_Button_6 = 0x06, /*!< Button 6 code */
KEYPAD_Button_7 = 0x07, /*!< Button 7 code */
KEYPAD_Button_8 = 0x08, /*!< Button 8 code */
KEYPAD_Button_9 = 0x09, /*!< Button 9 code */
KEYPAD_Button_STAR = 0x0A, /*!< Button START code */
KEYPAD_Button_HASH = 0x0B, /*!< Button HASH code */
KEYPAD_Button_A = 0x0C, /*!< Button A code. Only on large size */
KEYPAD_Button_B = 0x0D, /*!< Button B code. Only on large size */
KEYPAD_Button_C = 0x0E, /*!< Button C code. Only on large size */
KEYPAD_Button_D = 0x0F, /*!< Button D code. Only on large size */
KEYPAD_Button_NOPRESS = KEYPAD_NO_PRESSED
} KEYPAD_Button_t;
static inline char *stringFromKeypadButton(KEYPAD_Button_t key)
{
static char *strings[] = { " KEYPAD_Button_0", "KEYPAD_Button_1", "KEYPAD_Button_2", "KEYPAD_Button_3",
"KEYPAD_Button_4", "KEYPAD_Button_5", "KEYPAD_Button_6", "KEYPAD_Button_7",
"KEYPAD_Button_8", "KEYPAD_Button_9", "KEYPAD_Button_STAR", "KEYPAD_Button_HASH",
"KEYPAD_Button_A", "KEYPAD_Button_B", "KEYPAD_Button_C", "KEYPAD_Button_D"
};
return strings[key];
}
uint8_t KEYPAD_READ(void);
void KEYPAD_Init(void);
void KEYPAD_Debounce_Delay(uint32_t debounceDelay);
#endif /*__KEYPAD_H__ */
keypad.c
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#include "keypad.h"
uint8_t KEYPAD_INT_Buttons[4][4] = {
{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x0C},
{0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x0D},
{0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0E},
{0x0A, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x0F},
};
// initialize keypad
void KEYPAD_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, KEYPAD_ROW_4_Pin|KEYPAD_ROW_3_Pin|KEYPAD_ROW_2_Pin|KEYPAD_ROW_1_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
/*Configure GPIO pins : PAPin PAPin PAPin PAPin */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = KEYPAD_COLUMN_4_Pin|KEYPAD_COLUMN_3_Pin|KEYPAD_COLUMN_2_Pin|KEYPAD_COLUMN_1_Pin;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/*Configure GPIO pins : PAPin PAPin PAPin PAPin */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = KEYPAD_ROW_4_Pin|KEYPAD_ROW_3_Pin|KEYPAD_ROW_2_Pin|KEYPAD_ROW_1_Pin;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
// private function for "PULL DOWN SPECIFIC ROW"
void KEYPAD_INT_PullDownRow(uint8_t row)
{
switch(row)
{
case 1:
KEYPAD_ROW_HIGH_BUT_1; // pull down row 1
break;
case 2:
KEYPAD_ROW_HIGH_BUT_2; // pull down row 2
break;
case 3:
KEYPAD_ROW_HIGH_BUT_3; // pull down row 3
break;
case 4:
KEYPAD_ROW_HIGH_BUT_4; // pull down row 4
break;
default:
break;
}
}
// private function for "check each column after pulling down row"
uint8_t KEYPAD_INT_CheckColumn(uint8_t row)
{
if(KEYPAD_COLUMN_1_CHECK)
{
KEYPAD_Debounce_Delay(KEYPAD_DEBOUNCE_DELAYTIME);
if(KEYPAD_COLUMN_1_CHECK)
{
return KEYPAD_INT_Buttons[row - 1][0];
}
}
if(KEYPAD_COLUMN_2_CHECK)
{
KEYPAD_Debounce_Delay(KEYPAD_DEBOUNCE_DELAYTIME);
if(KEYPAD_COLUMN_2_CHECK)
{
return KEYPAD_INT_Buttons[row - 1][1];
}
}
if(KEYPAD_COLUMN_3_CHECK)
{
KEYPAD_Debounce_Delay(KEYPAD_DEBOUNCE_DELAYTIME);
if(KEYPAD_COLUMN_3_CHECK)
{
return KEYPAD_INT_Buttons[row - 1][2];
}
}
if(KEYPAD_COLUMN_4_CHECK)
{
KEYPAD_Debounce_Delay(KEYPAD_DEBOUNCE_DELAYTIME);
if(KEYPAD_COLUMN_4_CHECK)
{
return KEYPAD_INT_Buttons[row - 1][3];
}
}
return KEYPAD_NO_PRESSED;
}
uint8_t KEYPAD_READ(void)
{
uint8_t row, check;
for(uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
row = i + 1;
KEYPAD_INT_PullDownRow(row);
check = KEYPAD_INT_CheckColumn(row);
if(check != KEYPAD_NO_PRESSED)
{
return check;
}
}
return KEYPAD_NO_PRESSED;
}
__attribute__((weak)) void KEYPAD_Debounce_Delay(uint32_t debounceDelay)
{
HAL_Delay(debounceDelay);
}
//
main.c
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int main(void)
{
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
KEYPAD_Init();
while (1)
{
uint8_t key = KEYPAD_READ();
if(key != KEYPAD_NO_PRESSED)
{
printf("key %s pressed\n", stringFromKeypadButton(key));
while(KEYPAD_READ() != KEYPAD_NO_PRESSED);
}
}
}
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