Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS 解决安装包复杂依赖相关问题解决的主要法则和VIM的安装实录

这篇具有很好参考价值的文章主要介绍了Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS 解决安装包复杂依赖相关问题解决的主要法则和VIM的安装实录。希望对大家有所帮助。如果存在错误或未考虑完全的地方,请大家不吝赐教,您也可以点击"举报违法"按钮提交疑问。

前言:目标和环境

环境:

Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS@VMware


目标:

安装vim,解决包依赖的冲突:

本文,通过一个很好的实例,诠释了,LINUX系统下,安装一个应用遇到的依赖库问题如何解决的基本方法和思路。同时,用一个实录的实例,展示了三个法则的使用方法,尤其是法则3,一步一步走到很里面,解决了VIM安装的问题,相信对大家会有帮助。


写在前面的结论:

在嵌入式,linux系统中,我们安装一个应用,经常会遇到包依赖的冲突,我们怎么避免?

法则1:

安装任何应用前,不要上来就安装他,记得先系统更新一下,让,所有的之前的库到一个互相兼容的状态:用以下命令:

sudo apt-get update

 遵循这个习惯,大约可以减掉80%你以后要花的时间。

法则2:

能用万能自动依赖差错更新,先用万能依赖查错更新,命令如下:

sudo apt --fix-broken install

这个命令,都不要考虑库,不要输入库,闭眼写,也许就解决了,这可以解决10%你要花费的时间

法则3:

如果,这系统不是你弄的,被别人搞的就不想管了,怎么办?

记住,法则3,看似繁琐,其实是一条亘古不变的可以解决的方法,记住,不要怕繁琐,闭眼,他报了哪个库依赖错误,你就把那个库拎出来,重新安装,那些看似繁琐到天文的LOG恢复,我们稍微用一点法眼,就发现,他其实是告诉你,兄弟,你要整活,那么这里,这里,这里,这里,这里...有问题,他一个一个告诉你,你应该高兴而不是烦躁,把这些冲突的库,都闭眼拿出来重新装,如果装的时候,又提示了下一级的包依赖问题,拿先用法则2,再重新装,记住,先用法则2,再重新装

sudo apt-get install 

install 后面可接很多,很多,

例如:本例

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev libgl-dev libgles2-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libqt5concurrent5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5test5 libqt5xml5 libxext-dev qt5-qmake qtbase5-dev-tools qtchooser libqt5opengl5-dev

最终必定能解决你的包依赖的问题呀,

下面是实例:


问题和解决办法:

因为安装vim之前,先安装了tinyserial和Qt,所以报了库兼容的问题:

问题1:

先运行:

vim xx.c

会提示vim,找不到,然后,提示你:

sudo apt-get install vim

(donkey) donkeybot@ubuntu:~$ vim

Command 'vim' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install vim       
sudo apt install vim-gtk3  
sudo apt install vim-tiny  
sudo apt install neovim    
sudo apt install vim-athena
sudo apt install vim-gtk   
sudo apt install vim-nox  

然后,你运行,报错:

donkey) donkeybot@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt install vim    
[sudo] password for donkeybot: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 tinyserial : Depends: libqt5x11extras5 but it is not going to be installed
              Depends: libqt5x11extras5-dev but it is not going to be installed
 vim : Depends: vim-common (= 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13) but 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.3 is to be installed
       Depends: vim-runtime (= 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies: tinyserial : Depends: libqt5x11extras5 but it is not going to be installed Depends: libqt5x11extras5-dev but it is not going to be installed vim : Depends: vim-common (= 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13) but 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.3 is to be installed Depends: vim-runtime (= 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13) but it is not going to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

(donkey) donkeybot@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt --fix-broken install tinyserial
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
tinyserial is already the newest version (1.2).
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 tinyserial : Depends: libqt5x11extras5 but it is not going to be installed
              Depends: libqt5x11extras5-dev but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

【分析】

 这里就是Ubuntu系统,认为在:(the tinyserial and vim packages)之间,发现了不匹配的库依赖(unmet dependencies)。提示解决办法,运行,

sudo apt --fix-broken install

做了,如果不行,然后,tinyserial提示,libqt5x11extras5,libqt5x11extras5-dev,依赖不匹配,vim,Depends: vim-common,Depends: vim-runtime不匹配,咋办?

修复步骤1:

sudo apt-get install libqt5x11extras5 libqt5x11extras5-dev

 问题1.1:

Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies: libqt5x11extras5-dev : Depends: qtbase5-dev but it is not going to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

 【案,这里又提示,libqt5x11extras5-dev 里面 qtbase5-dev】咋办,这里有问题,那就再重装他别,就是这种重装循环,于是

修复步骤1.1

sudo apt --fix-broken install qtbase5-dev

直接挂fix broken,来重装,结果悲催了,

问题1.1.1

Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies: qtbase5-dev : Depends: libgl1-mesa-dev but it is not going to be installed or libgl-dev Depends: libgles2-mesa-dev but it is not going to be installed or libgles2-dev but it is not installable Depends: libglu1-mesa-dev but it is not going to be installed or libglu-dev Depends: libqt5concurrent5 (= 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libqt5printsupport5 (= 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libqt5sql5 (= 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libqt5test5 (= 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libqt5xml5 (= 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libxext-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: qt5-qmake (= 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6) but it is not going to be installed Depends: qtbase5-dev-tools (= 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6) Depends: qtchooser Recommends: libqt5opengl5-dev (= 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6) but it is not going to be installed tinyserial : Depends: libqt5x11extras5 but it is not going to be installed Depends: libqt5x11extras5-dev but it is not going to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

【你现在是不是要崩溃了,越高越多,是不是要放弃了】 

 【案,这时候放弃,你就SB了,这其实发现正在问题了,告诉我,qtbase5-dev,的依赖问题,以及发现了是如此,如此,如此的包不对,也就是找到突破点了】

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev libgl-dev libgles2-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libqt5concurrent5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5test5 libqt5xml5 libxext-dev qt5-qmake qtbase5-dev-tools qtchooser libqt5opengl5-dev

不要慌,死皮赖脸,这些库都有问题对吧,那就再来  【全部重新装】 

修复步骤1.1.1

[最烦的是这里对吧,后面告诉你怎么弄】现在UP主很傻白甜的一个一个搞出来,重装

sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev libgl-dev libgles2-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libqt5concurrent5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5test5 libqt5xml5 libxext-dev qt5-qmake qtbase5-dev-tools qtchooser libqt5opengl5-dev

然后,得到了

问题,1.1.1.1

Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Note, selecting 'libgl1-mesa-dev' instead of 'libgl-dev' You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies: libgl1-mesa-dev : Depends: mesa-common-dev (= 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~18.04.1) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libglvnd-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libdrm-dev (>= 2.4.95) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libx11-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libx11-xcb-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libxcb-dri3-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libxcb-present-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libxcb-sync-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libxshmfence-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libxcb-dri2-0-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libxcb-glx0-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libxdamage-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libxfixes-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libxxf86vm-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: x11proto-dev but it is not going to be installed libgles2-mesa-dev : Depends: libegl1-mesa-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libglvnd-dev but it is not going to be installed libqt5opengl5-dev : Depends: libqt5opengl5 (= 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6) but it is not going to be installed Depends: qtbase5-dev (= 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6) but it is not going to be installed libxext-dev : Depends: x11proto-core-dev Depends: x11proto-xext-dev (>= 7.0.99.2) Depends: libx11-dev but it is not going to be installed qt5-qmake : Depends: qt5-qmake-bin (= 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6) tinyserial : Depends: libqt5x11extras5 but it is not going to be installed Depends: libqt5x11extras5-dev but it is not going to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

关键的地方来了哈,UP主本来还想来个循环解决,把这些库都COPY出来,重新装,但是,这么多,,于是,他不是一直提示:

 Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

【为了偷懒】

解决步骤1.1.1.1  

sudo apt --fix-broken install
 

没错,就是这句话,然后,结果是:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libdrm-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgles1 libgles2-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglvnd-core-dev libglvnd-dev
  libopengl0 libpthread-stubs0-dev libqt5concurrent5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5opengl5-dev libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5
  libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5test5 libqt5x11extras5 libqt5x11extras5-dev libqt5xml5 libwayland-bin libwayland-client0
  libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-dev libwayland-egl1 libwayland-server0 libx11-6 libx11-dev libx11-doc libx11-xcb-dev
  libx11-xcb1 libxau-dev libxcb-dri2-0-dev libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-present-dev libxcb-randr0-dev
  libxcb-render0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb1-dev libxdamage-dev libxdmcp-dev libxext-dev
  libxfixes-dev libxshmfence-dev libxxf86vm-dev mesa-common-dev qt5-qmake qt5-qmake-bin qtbase5-dev qtbase5-dev-tools qtchooser
  x11proto-core-dev x11proto-damage-dev x11proto-dev x11proto-fixes-dev x11proto-xext-dev x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev
  xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev
Suggested packages:
  libwayland-doc libxcb-doc libxext-doc default-libmysqlclient-dev firebird-dev libpq-dev libsqlite3-dev unixodbc-dev
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libdrm-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgles1 libgles2-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglvnd-core-dev libglvnd-dev
  libopengl0 libpthread-stubs0-dev libqt5concurrent5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5opengl5-dev libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5
  libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5test5 libqt5x11extras5 libqt5x11extras5-dev libqt5xml5 libwayland-bin libwayland-dev libx11-dev
  libx11-doc libx11-xcb-dev libxau-dev libxcb-dri2-0-dev libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-present-dev libxcb-randr0-dev
  libxcb-render0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb1-dev libxdamage-dev libxdmcp-dev libxext-dev
  libxfixes-dev libxshmfence-dev libxxf86vm-dev mesa-common-dev qt5-qmake qt5-qmake-bin qtbase5-dev qtbase5-dev-tools qtchooser
  x11proto-core-dev x11proto-damage-dev x11proto-dev x11proto-fixes-dev x11proto-xext-dev x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev
  xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-egl1 libwayland-server0 libx11-6 libx11-xcb1
6 upgraded, 56 newly installed, 0 to remove and 441 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 8,255 kB/8,906 kB of archives.
After this operation, 51.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
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Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libqt5x11extras5 amd64 5.9.5-0ubuntu1 [8,596 B]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 xorg-sgml-doctools all 1:1.11-1 [12.9 kB]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 x11proto-dev all 2018.4-4 [251 kB]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 x11proto-core-dev all 2018.4-4 [2,620 B]
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libxau-dev amd64 1:1.0.8-1ubuntu1 [9,476 B]
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libxdmcp-dev amd64 1:1.1.2-3 [25.1 kB]
Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 xtrans-dev all 1.3.5-1 [70.5 kB]
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libpthread-stubs0-dev amd64 0.3-4 [4,068 B]
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libxcb1-dev amd64 1.13-2~ubuntu18.04 [80.0 kB]
Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libx11-dev amd64 2:1.6.4-3ubuntu0.4 [641 kB]
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Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 mesa-common-dev amd64 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~18.04.1 [741 kB]
Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libglvnd-core-dev amd64 1.0.0-2ubuntu2.3 [12.8 kB]         
Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libgles1 amd64 1.0.0-2ubuntu2.3 [11.2 kB]                  
Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libopengl0 amd64 1.0.0-2ubuntu2.3 [31.3 kB]                
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Get:42 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libqt5concurrent5 amd64 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6 [29.8 kB]    
Get:43 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libqt5printsupport5 amd64 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6 [178 kB]   
Get:44 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libqt5sql5 amd64 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6 [115 kB]            
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Get:51 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 qtbase5-dev amd64 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6 [942 kB]           
Get:52 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 libqt5x11extras5-dev amd64 5.9.5-0ubuntu1 [7,236 B]            
Get:53 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libqt5opengl5 amd64 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6 [132 kB]         
Get:54 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libqt5opengl5-dev amd64 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6 [36.1 kB]    
Get:55 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libqt5sql5-sqlite amd64 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu2.6 [40.1 kB]    
Get:56 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 libx11-doc all 2:1.6.4-3ubuntu0.4 [2,065 kB]               
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Setting up libqt5x11extras5-dev:amd64 (5.9.5-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up tinyserial (1.2) ...
Start to install
cp: overwrite '/opt/tinyserial/tinyserial'? Y
old tinyserial has exist.
delete the old tinyserial app.
set QT_PLUGIN_PATH in file .profile
Install ok
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1.2) ...
 

 结果,他从下往上,把之前的那些几十个依赖包的问题全部解决了!!!!!!!,中间问了两次,其中一次,要不要覆盖老的tinyserial,这不就是和vim冲突的东西吗,兴奋啊

更新了这么多库,感觉做一次全按摩,把系统里面全面检测一二:

修复步骤2:

(donkey) donkeybot@ubuntu:/home/TOFPrj$ sudo apt-get update
Hit:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease
Hit:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease
Hit:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease
Reading package lists... Done

顺利啊,

问题1不就是这个冲突吗,那么我是不是可以重装了,一激动,还把vim写出VIM了,报错

问题2

(donkey) donkeybot@ubuntu:/home/TOFPrj$ sudo apt-get install VIM
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package VIM
 

解决步骤3 

换成小写: 

sudo apt-get install vim

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  vim-common vim-runtime vim-tiny
Suggested packages:
  ctags vim-doc vim-scripts indent
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  vim vim-runtime
The following packages will be upgraded:
  vim-common vim-tiny
2 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 439 not upgraded.
Need to get 6,595 kB/7,147 kB of archives.
After this operation, 32.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13 [5,439 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 vim amd64 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13 [1,156 kB]                 
Fetched 6,595 kB in 16s (422 kB/s)                                                                                              
(Reading database ... 139300 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../vim-tiny_2%3a8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking vim-tiny (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13) over (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.3) ...
Preparing to unpack .../vim-common_2%3a8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13_all.deb ...
Unpacking vim-common (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13) over (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package vim-runtime.
Preparing to unpack .../vim-runtime_2%3a8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13_all.deb ...
Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/help.txt to /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/help.txt.vim-tiny by vim-runtime'
Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/tags to /usr/share/vim/vim80/doc/tags.vim-tiny by vim-runtime'
Unpacking vim-runtime (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13) ...
Selecting previously unselected package vim.
Preparing to unpack .../vim_2%3a8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking vim (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13) ...
Setting up vim-common (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13) ...
Setting up vim-runtime (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13) ...
Setting up vim-tiny (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13) ...
Setting up vim (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vim (vim) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vimdiff (vimdiff) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rvim (rvim) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rview (rview) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vi (vi) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/view (view) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/ex (ex) in auto mode
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-11ubuntu1.1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.23-1ubuntu3.18.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...
 

真正的安装开始了,而且,顺利:

Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS 解决安装包复杂依赖相关问题解决的主要法则和VIM的安装实录,# Linux,ubuntu,vim,linux文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-810036.html

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