590. N 叉树的后序遍历
给定一个 n 叉树的根节点 root
,返回 其节点值的 后序遍历 。
n 叉树 在输入中按层序遍历进行序列化表示,每组子节点由空值 null
分隔(请参见示例)。
示例 1:
输入:root = [1,null,3,2,4,null,5,6] 输出:[5,6,3,2,4,1]
示例 2:
输入:root = [1,null,2,3,4,5,null,null,6,7,null,8,null,9,10,null,null,11,null,12,null,13,null,null,14] 输出:[2,6,14,11,7,3,12,8,4,13,9,10,5,1]
提示:
- 节点总数在范围
[0, 104]
内 0 <= Node.val <= 104
- n 叉树的高度小于或等于
1000
进阶:递归法很简单,你可以使用迭代法完成此题吗?
解法思路:
1、递归(Recursion)
2、迭代(Iterator)效率低
法一:
/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public int val;
public List<Node> children;
public Node() {}
public Node(int _val) {
val = _val;
}
public Node(int _val, List<Node> _children) {
val = _val;
children = _children;
}
};
*/
class Solution {
public List<Integer> postorder(Node root) {
// Recursion
// Time: O(n), n 为节点数
// Space: O(n)
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
helper(root, res);
return res;
}
private void helper(Node root, List<Integer> res) {
if (root == null) return;
for (Node child : root.children) {
helper(child, res);
}
res.add(root.val);
}
}
法二:
/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public int val;
public List<Node> children;
public Node() {}
public Node(int _val) {
val = _val;
}
public Node(int _val, List<Node> _children) {
val = _val;
children = _children;
}
};
*/
class Solution {
public List<Integer> postorder(Node root) {
// Iterator
// Time: O(n), n 为节点数
// Space: O(n)
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
if (root == null) return res;
Map<Node, Integer> map = new HashMap<Node, Integer>();
Deque<Node> stack = new ArrayDeque<Node>();
Node node = root;
while (node != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
while (node != null) {
stack.addFirst(node);
List<Node> children = node.children;
if (!children.isEmpty()) {
map.put(node, 0);
node = children.get(0);
} else {
node = null;
}
}
node = stack.peek();
int idx = map.getOrDefault(node, -1) + 1;
List<Node> children = node.children;
if (!children.isEmpty() && children.size() > idx) {
map.put(node, idx);
node = children.get(idx);
} else {
res.add(node.val);
stack.removeFirst();
map.remove(node);
node = null;
}
}
return res;
}
}
优化迭代:文章来源:https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-810374.html
/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public int val;
public List<Node> children;
public Node() {}
public Node(int _val) {
val = _val;
}
public Node(int _val, List<Node> _children) {
val = _val;
children = _children;
}
};
*/
class Solution {
public List<Integer> postorder(Node root) {
// Optimize Iterator
// Time: O(n), n 为节点数
// Space: O(n)
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
if (root == null) return res;
Deque<Node> stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
Set<Node> visited = new HashSet<Node>();
stack.addFirst(root);
while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
Node node = stack.peek();
if (node.children.isEmpty() || visited.contains(node)) {
stack.removeFirst();
res.add(node.val);
continue;
}
for (int i = node.children.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
stack.addFirst(node.children.get(i));
}
visited.add(node);
}
return res;
}
}
文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-810374.html
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