目录
前言
效果展示
功能模块
书架
定义书的类
创建书架
用户
User用户类
AdminUser管理员
NormalUser普通用户
功能
接口
FindOperation 查找图书
AddOperation添加图书
DelOperation删除图书
BorrowOperation借阅图书
DisOperation 打印图书
RetOperation归还图书
ExitOperation退出系统
整合
总结
升级
源码 (更新后的)
BookList
Book
BookList
Main
Main
Operation
IOperation
AddOperation
BorrowOperation
DelOperation
DisOperation
ExitOperation
FindOperation
FindType
Notice
RetOperation
Finishing
user
User
Administratoruser
Ordinaryuser
这是一个对于Java中知识点的类,抽象类,封装,继承,多态,接口等进行的一个简单的代码练习,对于实际的图书管理系统还需要一点的优化
前言
效果展示
我们先来看看效果
首先是我们的管理员端:
再下是我们的普通用户端:
功能模块
我们先试着模块化出来功能合计
1.简单的登录
2.管理端
·查阅图书
·增加图书
·删除图书
·打印图书
·退出系统
3.用户端
·查阅图书
·借阅图书
·归还图书
·退出
我们先将类中的功能创建好
IOperation为我们所有功能的接口 很多童鞋就疑惑为何要这么做,我们直接将其定义到一个类中不可以吗,答案是可以的!,但是我们为了链接知识点 所以将其进行分化!
书架
定义书的类
我们先来定义一个书的类,首先一本书有书名、作者、价格、类型以及是否已被借出
public class Book {
private String name;//书名
private String author;//作者
private int price;//价格
private String type;//类型
private boolean isBorrwed;//是否借出
}
因为这些都是private类型 所以我们还需要提供一个方法来提供给使用者来调用
教大家快捷方法为Alt+Insert
public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isBorrwed() {
return isBorrwed;
}
public void setBorrwed(boolean borrwed) {
isBorrwed = borrwed;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "book{" +
" 书名='" + name + '\'' +
", 作者='" + author + '\'' +
", 价格=" + price +
", 类型='" + type + '\'' +
((isBorrwed==true)?", 已被借出":", 未被借出") +
'}';
}
创建书架
我们创建一个BookList类当做书架,用来存放我们的书籍
public class BookList {
private Book[] books=new Book[10];
private int BookSize;
public BookList(){
books[0]=new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",17,"小说");
books[1]=new Book("西游记","吴承恩",47,"小说");
books[2]=new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",37,"小说");
this.BookSize=3;
}
public int getBookSize() {
return BookSize;
}
public void setBookSize(int bookSize) {
BookSize = bookSize;
}
/**
* 获取到pos位置的一本书
* @param pos
* @return
*/
public Book getpos(int pos){
return books[pos];
}
/**
* 新加入一本书
* @param pos
* @param book
*/
public void setBooks(int pos,Book book){
this.books[pos]=book;
}
}
我们现在可以看到已经对书架进行了初始化,现在书架上的书有三国演义、西游记、水浒传
用户
User用户类
我们要使用User来实现多态继承
public abstract class User {
protected String name;
protected IOperation[] iOperations;
public User(String name){
this.name=name;
}
public abstract int menu();
public void dowork(int choice, BookList bookList){
iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
}
}
AdminUser管理员
管理员要实现的功能为查找、新增、删除、打印、退出系统
public class AdminUser extends User{
public AdminUser(String name){
super(name);
this.iOperations =new IOperation[]{
new Exitoperation(),
new Findoperation(),
new Addoperation(),
new Deloperation(),
new Displayoperation()
};
}
public int menu(){
System.out.println("=======管理员菜单=======");
System.out.println("Hai!"+this.name+" 欢迎来到图书馆");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.新增图书");
System.out.println("3.删除图书");
System.out.println("4.显示图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("====================");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
return scanner.nextInt();
}
}
AdminUser类继承了User用户类,并且实现了管理员对应的功能
NormalUser普通用户
普通用户要实现的功能为查找、借阅、归还、退出系统
public class NormalUser extends User {
public NormalUser(String name){
super(name);
this.iOperations =new IOperation[]{
new Exitoperation(),
new Findoperation(),
new Borrowoperation(),
new Retoperation()
};
}
public int menu(){
System.out.println("=======用户菜单=======");
System.out.println("Hai!"+this.name+" 欢迎来到图书馆");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
System.out.println("3.归还图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("====================");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
return scanner.nextInt();
}
}
功能
接口
public interface IOperation {
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
public void work(BookList bookList);
}
FindOperation 查找图书
我们此功能实现是非常简单的,保存好用户要查找的图书并且使用类name.equals()来查找图书即可
public class Findoperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("查找图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要查找的书名");
String name=scanner.nextLine();
int size=booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book= booklist.getpos(i);
if(name.equals(book.getName())){
System.out.println("找到了你要查找的书 信息如下");
System.out.println(book);
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("没有找到你要查找的书");
}
}
AddOperation添加图书
我们要给已存在的书架加入一本书,将新书存放到顺序表之后即可
public class Addoperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("添加图书");
System.out.println("请输入图书的名字");
String name=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的作者");
String author=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的类别");
String type=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的价格");
int price=scanner.nextInt();
Book book=new Book(name,author,price,type);
int size=booklist.getBookSize();
booklist.setBooks(size,book);
booklist.setBookSize(++size);
System.out.println("新增图书成功");
}
}
需要注意的地方是我们一定要切记添加图书后记得要改变bookSize的值
DelOperation删除图书
此功能的实现与查找类似,在查找的基础上增加了删除,需要用到的知识点为顺序表的删除,删除需要将后续的书前移,并且将最后一个置为 空
public class Deloperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("删除图书");
System.out.println("请输入要删除的图书的名字");
String name=scanner.nextLine();
int size= booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book= booklist.getpos(i);
if(name.equals(book.getName())){
while(i<size-1){
Book tmp=booklist.getpos(i+1);
booklist.setBooks(i,tmp);
i++;
}
booklist.setBooks(size,null);
booklist.setBookSize(size-1);
System.out.println("删除成功");
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("没有找到你要删除的图书");
}
}
切记将书架的最后一位置为空避免泄露,需要注意到的还是要将bookSize的值进行修改
BorrowOperation借阅图书
首先利用查找的原理找到我们要寻找的书,找到后修改其状态即可
public class Borrowoperation implements IOperation {
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("借阅图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要借的书名");
String name=scanner.nextLine();
int size=booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i <size ; i++) {
Book book=booklist.getpos(i);
if(name.equals(book.getName())){
book.setBorrwed(true);
System.out.println("借阅成功!");
System.out.println(book);
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("没有此书");
}
}
需要注意的是记得将要借阅的书类型修改为true
DisOperation 打印图书
按照顺序表原理依次打印即可
public class Displayoperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("打印图书");
int size= booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book= booklist.getpos(i);
System.out.println(book);
}
}
}
RetOperation归还图书
首先要查找书库是否存在此书,如果存在将其类型修改为false
public class Retoperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("归还图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要归还的书名");
String name=scanner.nextLine();
int size=booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i <size ; i++) {
Book book=booklist.getpos(i);
if(name.equals(book.getName())){
book.setBorrwed(false);
System.out.println("归还成功!");
System.out.println(book);
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("没有此书");
}
}
ExitOperation退出系统
退出系统
public class Exitoperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("退出系统");
System.exit(0);
}
}
整合
我们需要使用Main来将所有的功能进行串联
public class Main {
public static User login(){
System.out.println("请输入你的姓名");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.next();
System.out.println("请输入你的身份 1--》管理员 0--》普通用户");
int choice=scanner.nextInt();
if(choice==1){
return new AdminUser(name);
}else if(choice==0) {
return new NormalUser(name);
}
else {
System.out.println("输入错误,退出系统");
return null;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookList bookList=new BookList();
User user=login();//发生了向上转型
while(true){
int choice=user.menu();//发生了动态绑定 多态
//根据choice调用合适的操作
user.dowork(choice,bookList);
}
}
}
我们来看一下代码写完之后的所有文件
总结
我们现在实现的还是比较简易的,后期将结合MySQL来进行优化,并且在代码实现中也有很多业务上的处理没有实现,后期将会进行修正,感谢大家的支持
升级
我们对本图书馆进行了升级,升级内容如下
管理员系统:
用户系统:
升级后的目录
对于其他的升级都是次要的 ,来重点讲解一下使用类型排序,首先我们分析到对于数据的排序是使用到方法Arrays.sort(),但是对于我们Book的排序呢,首先我深入研究了一下sort排序内部,发现 他是在依靠c来实现排序
以下代码为JDK内置排序原码
public static <T> void sort(T[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, Comparator<? super T> c) { if (c == null) { sort(a, fromIndex, toIndex); } else { rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex); if (LegacyMergeSort.userRequested) legacyMergeSort(a, fromIndex, toIndex, c); else TimSort.sort(a, fromIndex, toIndex, c, null, 0, 0); } }
我们进入Comparator来观察一下
我们发现它是一个接口 我来给大家解读一下
Compares its two arguments for order. Returns a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the first argument is less than, equal to, or greater than the second.
比较它的两个参数的顺序。当第一个参数小于、等于或大于第二个参数时,返回一个负整数、零或正整数。
我们可以得到 这个接口为一个公共接口比较器<T>,所以我们可以得到,通过类接入接口我们就可以做一个属于自己的比较器!有了以上分析 开搞
class A implements Comparator<Book> { @Override public int compare(Book o1, Book o2) { int a= o1.getType().compareTo(o2.getType()); return a; } }
搞好这个比较器类型就可以实现一下我们的图书整理功能了(使用书的其他类型也可以实现,可以加入多个比较器)
public class Finishing implements IOperation{ @Override public void work(BookList booklist) { A a=new A(); System.out.println("整理图书(按照类型)"); Arrays.sort(booklist.books,0,booklist.getBookSize(),a); System.out.println("整理完成!"); } }
这样便实现了我们的图书整理功能,再接入给管理员用户就可以使用啦
ps:其他功能实现起来非常简单,稍加分析即可写入 就不做讲解了,很多老铁想让我发一下所有源码,满足老铁们文章来源:https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-812149.html
源码 (更新后的)(绿色为包名,紫色为类,橙色为接口)
BookList
Book
package BoolList;
public class Book {
private String name;//书名
private String author;//作者
private String type;//类型
private int price;//价格
private boolean isBorrwed;//状态
public Book(String name, String author, int price , String type ) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.type = type;
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public boolean isBorrwed() {
return isBorrwed;
}
public void setBorrwed(boolean borrwed) {
isBorrwed = borrwed;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
(isBorrwed==true?"已被借出":"未被借出")+
'}';
}
}
BookList
package BoolList;
public class BookList {
public Book[] books=new Book[10];
private int BookSize=0;
public BookList() {
books[0]=new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",17,"小说");
books[1]=new Book("西游记","吴承恩",47,"小说");
books[2]=new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",37,"小说");
BookSize=3;
}
public void setBooks(int pos,Book books) {
this.books[pos]=books;
}
public Book getBooks(int pos) {
return books[pos];
}
public int getBookSize() {
return BookSize;
}
public void setBookSize(int bookSize) {
BookSize = bookSize;
}
}
Main
Main
package Main;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import User.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static User func(){
System.out.println("欢迎来到冰激凌图书馆!");
System.out.println("请问怎么称呼您?");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请问您的身份为? 1-》管理员 0-》普通用户");
int usersize=scanner.nextInt();
if(usersize==1){
return new Administratoruser(name);
}else {
return new Ordinaryuser(name);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Needtoknow();
BookList bookList=new BookList();
User user=func();
while(true){
int count=user.mune();
user.dowork(count,bookList);
}
}
public static void Needtoknow(){
System.out.println("**************************");
System.out.println(" 入馆需知(新)");
System.out.println("本图书馆开放时间为9.00-24.00");
System.out.println("**************************");
}
}
Operation
IOperation
import BoolList.BookList;
public interface IOperation {
public void work(BookList booklist);
}
AddOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("新增图书");
System.out.println("请输入图书的名字");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的作者");
String author=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的类别");
String type=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的价格");
int price=scanner.nextInt();
Book book=new Book(name,author,price,type);
int size=booklist.getBookSize();
booklist.setBooks(size,book);
booklist.setBookSize(++size);
System.out.println("新增图书成功");
}
}
BorrowOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("借阅图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的书名 例如:三国演义");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
int siz=booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i < siz; i++) {
if(name.equals(booklist.getBooks(i).getName())){
booklist.getBooks(i).setBorrwed(true);
System.out.println("成功借阅 ,现在图书信息如下:");
System.out.println(booklist.getBooks(i));
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("未找到你要查找的书!!!");
}
}
DelOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("删除图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要删除的书名 例如:三国演义");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
for (int i = 0; i < booklist.getBookSize();i++) {
if(name.equals(booklist.getBooks(i).getName())){
while(i<booklist.getBookSize()-1){
booklist.setBooks(i, booklist.getBooks(i+1));
i++;
}
booklist.setBooks(i,null);
booklist.setBookSize(i);
System.out.println("删除成功!");
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("未找到你要删除的书!");
}
}
DisOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
public class DisOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("打印图书");
int ret= booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i <ret ; i++) {
System.out.println(booklist.getBooks(i));
}
}
}
ExitOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("退出登录");
System.exit(0);
}
}
FindOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("查询图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要查找的书名 例如:三国演义");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
for (int i = 0; i <booklist.getBookSize() ; i++) {
if(name.equals(booklist.getBooks(i).getName())){
System.out.println("找到了你要查找的书,信息如下:");
System.out.println(booklist.getBooks(i));
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("未找到你要查找的书!!!");
}
}
FindType
package Operation;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindType implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("查询图书(类型查找)");
System.out.println("请输入你要查找的类型 例如:小说");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
int flg=0;
System.out.println("查找信息如下:");
for (int i = 0; i <booklist.getBookSize() ; i++) {
if(name.equals(booklist.getBooks(i).getType())){
flg++;
System.out.println(booklist.getBooks(i));
}
}
if(flg==0){
System.out.println("暂无该类型的书!!!");
}
}
}
Notice
package Operation;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Notice implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("*****************************");
System.out.println("图书馆通知栏:");
System.out.println("热烈祝贺二十大的召开!");
System.out.println("国家图书馆第十八届文津图书奖正式启动");
System.out.println("本图书馆开放时间为9.00-24.00");
System.out.println("*****************************");
}
}
RetOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class RetOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("归还图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要归还的书名 例如:三国演义");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
for (int i = 0; i <booklist.getBookSize() ; i++) {
if(name.equals(booklist.getBooks(i).getName())){
booklist.getBooks(i).setBorrwed(false);
System.out.println("归还成功!信息如下:");
System.out.println(booklist.getBooks(i));
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("本图书馆没有此书,归还失败");
}
}
Finishing
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
class A implements Comparator<Book> {
@Override
public int compare(Book o1, Book o2) {
int a= o1.getType().compareTo(o2.getType());
return a;
}
}
public class Finishing implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
A a=new A();
System.out.println("整理图书(按照类型)");
Arrays.sort(booklist.books,0,booklist.getBookSize(),a);
System.out.println("整理完成!");
}
}
user
User
package User;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import Operation.IOperation;
public abstract class User {
protected String name;
protected IOperation[] iOperations;
public User(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public abstract int mune();
public void dowork(int pos, BookList book){
iOperations[pos].work(book);
}
}
Administratoruser
package User;
import Operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Administratoruser extends User{
public Administratoruser(String name) {
super(name);
this.iOperations= new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new FindType(),
new AddOperation(),
new DelOperation(),
new DisOperation(),
new Finishing()
};
}
@Override
public int mune() {
System.out.println("hello 尊敬的管理员:"+this.name+" 欢迎来到冰激凌图书馆");
System.out.println("======================");
System.out.println("1.查阅图书");
System.out.println("2.类型查找(新)");
System.out.println("3.增加图书");
System.out.println("4.删除图书");
System.out.println("5.显示图书");
System.out.println("6.整理图书(新)");
System.out.println("0.退出登录");
System.out.println("======================");
System.out.println("请输入您的操作");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
int input=scanner.nextInt();
return input;
}
}
Ordinaryuser
package User;
import Operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Ordinaryuser extends User {
public Ordinaryuser(String name){
super(name);
this.iOperations=new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindType(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new RetOperation(),
new Notice(),
new DisOperation()
};
}
@Override
public int mune() {
System.out.println("=======用户菜单=======");
System.out.println("hello 尊敬用户:"+this.name+" 欢迎来到冰激凌图书馆");
System.out.println("1.查找图书(类型)(新)");
System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
System.out.println("3.归还图书");
System.out.println("4.查看通知(新)");
System.out.println("5.查看书架(新)");
System.out.println("0.退出登录");
System.out.println("====================");
System.out.println("请输入您的操作:");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
return scanner.nextInt();
}
}
好了 !再次感谢各位支持文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-812149.html
到了这里,关于《Java》图书管理系统(已升级)的文章就介绍完了。如果您还想了解更多内容,请在右上角搜索TOY模板网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章,希望大家以后多多支持TOY模板网!