前言
实际业务中,例如秒杀系统,秒杀商品成功会有截止时间,这时需要用到RabbitMQ延迟服务。
1、RabbitMQ延迟队列
1.1、方式1:RabbitMQ通过死信机制来实现延迟队列的功能
- TTL ,即 Time-To-Live,存活时间,消息和队列都可以设置存活时间
- Dead Letter,即死信,若给消息设置了存活时间,当超过存活时间后消息还没有被消费,则该消息变成了死信
- Dead Letter Exchanges(DLX),即死信交换机
- Dead Letter Routing Key (DLK),死信路由键
/***********************延迟队列*************************/
//创建立即消费队列
@Bean
public Queue immediateQueue(){
return new Queue("immediateQueue");
}
//创建立即消费交换机
@Bean
public DirectExchange immediateExchange(){
return new DirectExchange("immediateExchange");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingImmediate(@Qualifier("immediateQueue") Queue queue,@Qualifier("immediateExchange") DirectExchange directExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("immediateRoutingKey");
}
//创建延迟队列
@Bean
public Queue delayQueue(){
Map<String,Object> params = new HashMap<>();
//死信队列转发的死信转发到立即处理信息的交换机
params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange","immediateExchange");
//死信转化携带的routing-key
params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key","immediateRoutingKey");
//设置消息过期时间,单位:毫秒
params.put("x-message-ttl",60 * 1000);
return new Queue("delayQueue",true,false,false,params);
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange delayExchange(){
return new DirectExchange("delayExchange");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingDelay(@Qualifier("delayQueue") Queue queue,@Qualifier("delayExchange") DirectExchange directExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("delayRoutingKey");
}
@Test
public void sendDelay(){
this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("delayExchange","delayRoutingKey","Hello world topic");
}
1.2、方式二:安装延迟队列插件
1.2.1、安装延迟队列插件
https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-delayed-message-exchange/releases/download/3.11.1/rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.11.1.ez
下载解压,到plugins目录,执行以下的命令:
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange
/**************延迟队列一个单一queue*******************/
@Bean
public Queue delayNewQueue(){
return new Queue("delayNewQueue");
}
@Bean
public CustomExchange delayNewExchange(){
Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>();
// 设置类型,可以为fanout、direct、topic
args.put("x-delayed-type", "direct");
return new CustomExchange("delayNewExchange","x-delayed-message", true,false,args);
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingNewDelay(@Qualifier("delayNewQueue") Queue queue,@Qualifier("delayNewExchange") CustomExchange customExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(customExchange).with("delayNewRoutingKey").noargs();
}
@Test
public void sendDelay() {
//生产端写完了
UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo();
userInfo.setPassword("13432432");
userInfo.setUserAccount("tiger");
this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("delayNewExchange", "delayNewRoutingKey", userInfo
, a -> {
//单位毫秒
a.getMessageProperties().setDelay(30000);
return a;
});
}
2、消息确认机制
消息确认分为两部分: 生产确认 和 消费确认。
生产确认: 生产者生产消息后,将消息发送到交换机,触发确认回调;交换机将消息转发到绑定队列,若失败则触发返回回调。
消费确认: 默认情况下消息被消费者从队列中获取后即发送确认,不管消费者处理消息时是否失败,不需要额外代码,但是不能保证消息被正确消费。我们增加手动确认,则需要代码中明确进行消息确认。
文章来源:https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-823607.html
2.1、生产确认
@Bean
public RabbitTemplate getTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory){
RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
//消息发送到交换器Exchange后触发回调
template.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
// 可以进行消息入库操作
log.info("消息唯一标识 correlationData = {}", correlationData);
log.info("确认结果 ack = {}", ack);
log.info("失败原因 cause = {}", cause);
}
});
// 配置这个,下面的ReturnCallback 才会起作用
template.setMandatory(true);
// 如果消息从交换器发送到对应队列失败时触发(比如 根据发送消息时指定的routingKey找不到队列时会触发)
template.setReturnsCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback() {
@Override
public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returnedMessage) {
// 可以进行消息入库操作
log.info("消息主体 message = {}", returnedMessage.getMessage());
log.info("回复码 replyCode = {}", returnedMessage.getReplyCode());
log.info("回复描述 replyText = {}", returnedMessage.getReplyText());
log.info("交换机名字 exchange = {}", returnedMessage.getExchange());
log.info("路由键 routingKey = {}", returnedMessage.getRoutingKey());
}
});
return template;
}
spring:
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
application:
name: user-service #微服务名称
datasource:
username: root
password: root
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/drp
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
rabbitmq:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5672
username: tiger
password: tiger
virtual-host: tiger_vh
# 确认消息已发送到交换机(Exchange)
publisher-confirm-type: correlated
# 确认消息已发送到队列
publisher-returns: true
listener:
simple:
acknowledge-mode: manual # 开启消息消费手动确认
retry:
enabled: true
2.2、消费确认
@RabbitHandler
public void process(UserInfo data, Message message, Channel channel){
log.info("收到directQueue队列信息:" + data);
long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
try {
//成功消费确认
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag,true);
log.info("消费成功确认完毕。。。。。");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("确认消息时抛出异常 ", e);
// 重新确认,成功确认消息
try {
Thread.sleep(50);
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, true);
} catch (IOException | InterruptedException e1) {
log.error("确认消息时抛出异常 ", e);
// 可以考虑入库
}
}catch (Exception e){
log.error("业务处理失败", e);
try {
// 失败确认
channel.basicNack(deliveryTag, false, false);
} catch (IOException e1) {
log.error("消息失败确认失败", e1);
}
}
}
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