【MATLAB GUI】 1. 普通按钮、静态文本和可编辑文本-Toy模板网

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看B站up主freexyn的freexyn编程实例视频教程系列36Matlab GUI的学习笔记

初步认识+普通按钮

任务要求：点击一次“100”按钮，按钮上的文字值就递增1；点击“close”按钮，关闭所有窗口

命令行打开GUI：命令行guide，或者appdesigner
如果左边方块没有文字说明，则点击文件-预设-在组件选项板中显示名称-确定
调整设计界面大小，点击普通按钮，拉到设计界面，调整普通按钮大小
双击这个普通按钮，或者右键点击属性，修改String、FontSize等内容。修改完毕后点击×号退出
重复以上操作，得到以下
点击保存，命名为test1.fig，同时自动生成test1.m文件

对于test1.m文件：

**function varargout = test1(varargin)**
% TEST1 MATLAB code for test1.fig
%      TEST1, by itself, creates a new TEST1 or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = TEST1 returns the handle to a new TEST1 or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      TEST1('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in TEST1.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      TEST1('Property','Value',...) creates a new TEST1 or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before test1_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to test1_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help test1

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 18-Feb-2024 15:21:53

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @test1_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @test1_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% --- Executes just before test1 is made visible.
function test1_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to test1 (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for test1
handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes test1 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = test1_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

function varargout = test1(varargin)：函数名称即文件名称，包含了方才设计的图形文件的一些初始化信息，不要修改
function test1_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)：回调函数，当打开一个图形文件的时候，所有的控件数据都设置好了之后，把图形界面呈现在电脑屏幕之前，该函数运行，对界面进行一些初始化处理
function varargout = test1_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) ：输出函数，有输出参数，在打开函数OpeningFcn()返回控制之后，把控制权返回给命令行窗口之前，执行该函数，执行结果会输出到命令行窗口中

pushbutton1_Callback、pushbutton2_Callback：两个组件的回调函数，在图形界面点击按钮会执行对应回调函数，其中的pushbutton1、pushbutton2对应组件的Tag

function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
%hObject是点击对象的句柄，即点击“100”按钮时，会返回这个按钮的句柄，
%以此来区分点击对象是“100”，而不是“close”

%eventdata是一个保留字段，在不同的控件中有不同用法，在按钮中其实是没什么意义的

%handles是结构数组，包含整个界面控件信息以及数据信息

现在回到设计界面

给close按钮添加回调：对“close”按钮点击右键，查看回调，单击callback，会定位到.m文件中的对应位置，进行代码编辑，保存

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
clear all %清除所有变量
close all %关闭所有窗口

点击.fig页面中的绿色三角形，运行，点击运行界面的“close”，图形窗口就关闭了

给100按钮添加回调：要求实现点击一次“100”按钮，按钮上的文字值就递增1。步骤同上

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
%hObject是点击对象的句柄，即点击“100”按钮时，会返回这个按钮的句柄，
%以此来区分点击对象是“100”，而不是“close”
%eventdata是一个保留字段，在不同的控件中有不同用法，在按钮中其实是没什么意义的
%handles是结构数组，包含整个界面控件信息以及数据信息

%get(h,属性)获得图形对象h上的属性值，是字符串格式
s=get(hObject,'string');

%set(h,Name,Value) 使用一个或多个名称-值参数设置指定图形对象h的属性
set(hObject,'string',num2str(str2num(s)+1));

静态文本和可编辑文本

任务要求实现：在可编辑文本中输入文字，回车，立即显示在静态文本框中

可编辑文本：可以输入内容
静态文本：仅用于显示字符
界面设计如下：属性不做修改，保存为test2.fig
双击.fig页面中的可编辑文本，点击查看回调，点击callback

自动定位到.m文件中的edit1_Callback，根据任务要求进行代码编辑

function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double

s=get(hObject,'string');
%handles包含整个界面控件信息以及数据信息，
%**handles.text2即引用了另一个控件的数据，text2是静态文本框的tag值**
set(handles.text2,'string',s);

handles可帮忙引用其他控件的数据

保存.m，在.fig界面运行即可

设计一个简易计算机

普通按钮、静态文本和可编辑文本的综合运用

先用普通按钮设计，属性只修改string
增加静态文本：属性修改backgroungcolor，防止和页面背景融为一体，同时把string删除。该框用于显示计算过程和结果

编写各个普通按钮的回调函数：任务要求把计算过程和结果在静态文本框中显示出来

0~9和+、-、/的按钮

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% 如果只是
% s=get(hObject,'string');
% set(handles.text2,'string',s);
% 则会导致无法输入11，只能输入1
s0=get(handles.text2,'string');
s=get(hObject,'string');
set(handles.text2,'string',[s0,s]);

×的按钮：×不能运算，*才可以运算

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton16.
function pushbutton16_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton16 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
s0=get(handles.text2,'string');
s=get(hObject,'string');
set(handles.text2,'string',[s0,'*']);

=和C的按钮文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-827126.html

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton18.
function pushbutton18_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton18 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
s0=get(handles.text2,'string');
%eval(expression)返回 expression 的输出，数值型
set(handles.text2,'string',num2str(eval(s0)));

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton19.
function pushbutton19_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton19 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
set(handles.text2,'string',[]);