R语言课程论文-飞机失事数据可视化分析

数据来源：Airplane Crashes Since 1908 (kaggle.com)

代码参考：Exploring historic Air Plane crash data | Kaggle

library(tidyverse)
library(lubridate)
library(plotly)
library(gridExtra)
library(usmap)
library(igraph)
library(tidytext)
library(tm)
library(SnowballC)
library(wordcloud)
library(RColorBrewer)
library(readxl)

df<- read.csv('F:\\Airplane_Crashes_and_Fatalities_Since_1908.csv',stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
df <- as_tibble(df)
head(df)
dim(df)
colnames(df)
df[is.na(df)] <- 0
df$Date <- mdy(df$Date)
df$Time <- hm(df$Time)
df$Year <- year(df$Date)
df$Month <- as.factor(month(df$Date))
df$Day <- as.factor(day(df$Date))
df$Weekday <- as.factor(wday(df$Date))
df$Week_no <- as.factor(week(df$Date))
df$Quarter <- as.factor(quarter(df$Date))
df$Is_Leap_Year <- leap_year(df$Date)
df$Decade <- year(floor_date(df$Date, years(10)))
df$Hour <- as.integer(hour(df$Time))
df$Minute <- as.factor(minute(df$Time))
df$AM_PM <- if_else(am(df$Time), 'AM', 'PM')
df$btwn_6PM_6AM <- if_else(df$Hour <= 6 | df$Hour >= 18, '6PM-6AM', '6AM-6PM')
year_wise <- df %>% count(Year)
day_wise <- df %>% count(Day) 
week_day_wise <- df %>% count(Weekday)
month_wise <- df %>% count(Month)
week_no_wise <- df %>% count(Week_no)
q_wise <- df %>% count(Quarter)
hour_wise <- df %>% count(Hour)
am_pm_wise <- df %>% count(AM_PM)
btwn_6PM_6AM_wise <- df %>% count(btwn_6PM_6AM)
Fatalities_wise <- df %>% count(Fatalities)

#图1：自1980年来每年失事飞机失事次数柱状图
ggplot(year_wise, aes(x = Year, y = n)) +
  geom_col(fill = '#0f4c75', col = 'white') +
  labs(title = '自1908年以来每年发生的飞机失事次数', x = '', y = '') +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1908, 2020, 4))

#图2：失事飞机失事次数柱状图（按一周第几天、一月第几天统计）
wd <- ggplot(week_day_wise, aes(x = Weekday, y = n)) +
  geom_col(fill = '#3b6978', col = 'white')+
  labs(title = '按周的每一天统计飞机失事次', x = '', y = '')
d <- ggplot(day_wise, aes(x = Day, y = n)) +
  geom_col(fill = '#b83b5e', col = 'white')+
  labs(title = '按月的每一天统计飞机失事次', x = '', y = '')
grid.arrange(wd, d, nrow = 1, widths = c(1, 3))

#图3：失事飞机失事次数柱状图（按一年第几月、第几周、第几季度统计）
m <- ggplot(month_wise, aes(x = Month, y = n)) +
  geom_col(fill = '#ffcb74', col = 'white') +
  labs(title = '按月统计', x = '', y = '')
wn <- ggplot(week_no_wise, aes(x = Week_no, y = n)) +
  geom_col(fill = '#4f8a8b', col = 'white') +
  labs(title = '按周统计', x = '', y = '') 
q <- ggplot(q_wise, aes(x = Quarter, y = n)) +
  geom_col(fill = '#ea907a', col = 'white') +
  labs(title = '按季度统计', x = '', y = '')
grid.arrange(m, wn, q, nrow = 1, widths = c(2, 5, 1))

#图4：失事飞机失事次数柱状图（按一天第几小时、一天中上下午度统计）
h <- ggplot(hour_wise, aes(x = Hour, y = n)) +
  geom_col(fill = '#BD956A') +
  labs(title = '按小时统计', x = '', y = '')
a <- ggplot(am_pm_wise, aes(x = AM_PM, y = n, fill = AM_PM)) +
  geom_col() + 
  labs(title = '上午-下午', x = '', y = '') +
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set1") +
  theme(legend.position = "none") 
n <- ggplot(btwn_6PM_6AM_wise, aes(x = btwn_6PM_6AM, y = n, fill = btwn_6PM_6AM)) +
  geom_col() +
  labs(title = '白天&夜间', x = '', y = '') +
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Dark2") + 
  theme(legend.position = "none") 
grid.arrange(h, a, n, nrow = 1, layout_matrix = rbind(c(1,1,1,1,2),c(1,1,1,1,3)))

#图5：失事飞机型号统计条形图
# 按类型分组
type_wise <- df %>%
  count(Type, sort = TRUE)
#按制造商提取和分组
main_type_wise <- df %>%
  #用空字符串替换型号
  mutate(main_type = str_replace_all(Type, "[A-Za-z]*-?\\d+-?[A-Za-z]*.*", "")) %>% 
  count(main_type, sort = TRUE) %>%
  # 跳过空字符串行
  filter(main_type > 'A') 
options(repr.plot.width = 12)
# 失事飞机的型号排名（前20）
ggplot(head(type_wise, 20), aes(reorder(Type, n) , n, fill = n)) +
  geom_col(fill = 'deepskyblue2') +  
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust = 1.5, colour = "white", size = 5, fontface = "bold") +
  labs(title = '失事飞机的型号统计', x = '', y = '') +
  coord_flip()

#图6：失事飞机制造商统计条形图
ggplot(head(main_type_wise, 10), aes(reorder(main_type, n), n, fill = n)) +
  geom_col(fill = 'deepskyblue2') +
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust = 1.5, colour = "white", size = 5, fontface = "bold") +
  labs(title = '失事飞机的制造商统计', x = '', y = '')+    
  coord_flip()

#图7：失事飞机（包括军事飞机）运营商统计条形图
#运营商统计
operator_wise <- df %>%
  count(Operator, sort = TRUE)
#商业运营商表
main_op_wise <- df %>%
  # replace all group of words followed by '-'
  mutate(main_op = str_replace_all(Operator, ' -.*', '')) %>% 
  filter(!str_detect(main_op, '[Mm]ilitary')) %>%
  filter(!str_detect(main_op, 'Private')) %>%
  count(main_op, sort = TRUE) %>%
  filter(main_op > 'A') 
# 提取军事飞行数据
force <- operator_wise %>%
  filter(str_detect(Operator, '[Mm]ilitary')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(Operator, 'Military ?-? ?', '')) %>%
  count(op, sort = TRUE)
#提取军事飞机所属国家
force_country <- operator_wise %>%
  # 获取包含字符串“军用”的行'military'
  filter(str_detect(Operator, 'Military|military')) %>%
  # 将带有包含国家信息的字符串替换为国家名
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(Operator, 'Royal Air Force', 'UK')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, 'Military ?-? ?|Royal', '')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, ' (Navy|Army|Air|Maritime Self Defense|Marine Corps|Naval|Defence|Armed) ?.*', '')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, '.*U\\.? ?S\\.?.*|United States|American', 'USA')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, 'Aeroflot ?/? ?', '')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, '.*Republic? ?of', '')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, '.*British.*', 'UK')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, '.*Indian.*', 'Indian')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, '.*Chin.*', 'Chinese')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, '.*Chilean.*', 'Chilian')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, '.*Iran.*', 'Iran')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, '.*French.*', 'French')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, '.*Ecuador.*', 'Ecuadorean')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, '.*Zambia.*', 'Zambian')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, '.*Russia.*', 'Russian')) %>%
  mutate(op = str_replace_all(op, '.*Afghan.*', 'Afghan')) %>%
  group_by(op) %>%
  summarize(n = sum(n)) %>%
  arrange(desc(n)) 
#军用飞行与非军用飞行
yr_military <- df %>%
  select(Year, Operator) %>%
  mutate(Is_Military = str_detect(Operator, 'Military|military')) %>%
  group_by(Year, Is_Military) %>%
  summarize(n = n())
ggplot(head(operator_wise, 10), aes(reorder(Operator, n) , n, fill = n))+
  geom_col(fill = 'coral3')+
  labs(title='失事飞机（包括军事飞机在内）的运营商统计', x = '', y = '')+  
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust = 1.5, colour = "white", size = 5, fontface = "bold")+
  coord_flip()

#图8：失事飞机（不包括军事飞机）运营商统计条形图
ggplot(head(main_op_wise, 10), aes(reorder(main_op, n) , n, fill=n)) +
  geom_col(fill='coral2') +
  labs(title='失事商业飞机（不包括军事飞机）的商业运营商统计', x='', y='') +  
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust = 1.5, colour = "white", size = 5, fontface = "bold") +
  coord_flip()

#图9：军事飞机所属军队、所属国家统计条形图
f <- ggplot(head(force, 10), aes(reorder(op, n) , n, fill = n))+
  geom_col(fill = 'cyan4')+
  labs(title = '军事飞机失事统计', x = '', y = '')+  
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust = 1.5, colour = "white", size = 5, fontface = "bold")+
  coord_flip()
fc <- ggplot(head(force_country, 10), aes(reorder(op, n) , n, fill = n))+
  geom_col(fill = 'cyan3')+
  labs(title = '军事飞机失事的国家排名', x = '', y = '')+  
  geom_text(aes(label = n), hjust = 1.5, colour = "white", size = 5, fontface = "bold")+
  coord_flip()
grid.arrange(f,fc, nrow = 1, widths = c(1, 1))

#图10：自1980年来军事飞机与非军事失事次数柱状图
ggplot(yr_military, aes(x = Year, y = n, fill = Is_Military)) +
  geom_col(col = 'white') +
  labs(title = '失事飞机是否为军用飞机？',x = '', y = '', fill = '') +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1908, 2020, 4)) + 
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Dark2") +
  theme(legend.position = "top", legend.justification = "left")

#图11：飞机失事地点统计条形图
take_off_dest <- df %>%
  select('Route') %>%
  filter(Route!='') %>%
  filter(str_detect(Route, ' ?- ?')) %>%
  mutate(Take_Off = str_extract(Route, '[^-]* ?-?')) %>%
  mutate(Take_Off = str_replace(Take_Off, ' -', ''))%>%
  mutate(Destination = str_extract(Route, '- ?[^-]*$')) %>%
  mutate(Destination = str_replace(Destination, '- ?', ''))
route <- take_off_dest %>% count(Route, sort = TRUE)
take_off <- take_off_dest %>% count(Take_Off, sort = TRUE)
dest <- take_off_dest %>% count(Destination, sort = TRUE)
r <- ggplot(head(route, 15), aes(reorder(Route, n) , n, fill=n))+
  geom_col(fill='#E59CC4')+
  labs(title='飞行途中失事路线', x='', y='')+  
  geom_text(aes(label=n), hjust = 1.5, colour="white", size=5, fontface="bold")+
  coord_flip()
t <- ggplot(head(take_off, 15), aes(reorder(Take_Off, n) , n, fill=n))+
  geom_col(fill='#005082')+
  labs(title='起飞时飞机失事地点', x='', y='')+  
  geom_text(aes(label=n), hjust = 1.5, colour="white", size=5, fontface="bold")+
  coord_flip()
d <- ggplot(head(dest, 15), aes(reorder(Destination, n) , n, fill=n))+
  geom_col(fill='#ff6363')+
  labs(title='落地时飞机失事地点', x='', y='')+  
  geom_text(aes(label=n), hjust = 1.5, colour="white", size=5, fontface="bold")+
  coord_flip()
options(repr.plot.width = 18)
grid.arrange(r,t,d, nrow = 1, widths=c(1,1,1))

#图12：全球范围内飞机失事热力图
cntry <- cntry %>%
  mutate(m = case_when(
    n >= 100  ~ "100 +",
    n < 100 & n >= 70 ~ "70 - 100",
    n < 70 & n >= 40 ~ "40 - 70",
    n < 40 & n >= 10 ~ "10 - 40",
    n < 10  ~ "< 10")) %>%
  mutate(m = factor(m, levels = c("< 10", "10 - 40", "40 - 70", "70 - 100", "100 +")))
world_map <- map_data("world")
map_data <- cntry %>% 
  full_join(world_map, by = c('Country' = 'region')) 
options(repr.plot.width = 18, repr.plot.height = 9)
map_pal = c("#7FC7AF", "#E4B363",'#EF6461',"#E97F02",'#313638')
ggplot(map_data, aes(x = long, y = lat, group = group, fill = m)) +
  geom_polygon(colour = "white") + 
  labs(title = '全球范围内飞机失事热力图', x = '', y = '', fill = '') +
  scale_fill_manual(values = map_pal, na.value = 'whitesmoke') + 
  theme(legend.position='right', legend.justification = "top") + 
  guides(fill = guide_legend(reverse = TRUE))

#图13：飞机失事原因词云图
data <- read_excel("F:\\summary.xlsx")
corpus <- Corpus(VectorSource(data))
corpus <- tm_map(corpus, content_transformer(tolower))
corpus <- tm_map(corpus, removePunctuation)
corpus <- tm_map(corpus, removeNumbers)
corpus <- tm_map(corpus, removeWords, stopwords("english"))

dtm <- TermDocumentMatrix(corpus)
word_freqs <- rowSums(as.matrix(dtm))
wordcloud(names(word_freqs), word_freqs, min.freq = 1, max.words=150,words_distance=0.001,random.order=FALSE,font_path='msyh.ttc',
rot.per=0.05,colors=brewer.pal(8, "Dark2"), backgroundColor = "grey",shape = 'circle',width=3, height=9)

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