嵌入式LINUX开发系列之ARM板子如何替换debian镜像源-Toy模板网

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LINUX系列文章目录

第一章 ARM板子如何替换debian镜像源

前言

当你做嵌入式开发过程中拿到一个开发板，遇到apt update，发现无法成功，镜像源无法使用，这样的话大大增加了开发难度。最近一个项目遇到这个问题，搜寻网络却无法得到有效答案，本人作为一名嵌入式开发工程师，在这里总结了一下，希望对大家做开发有所帮助，共同进步，这是我的第一篇文章，都是干货，希望大家多多支持，点点关注订阅，持续更新，致力于有效解决我们项目开发过程中遇到问题。

一、镜像源是什么？

下面先普及一下概念（此部分来源于网络）

源：源就是来源，就是你安装软件时，程序从哪里获取软件包（安装程序在你的机器上，但需要安装的东西在软件源服务器上）。
镜像：镜像原意是光学里指的物体在镜面所成之像。引用到电脑网络上，一个网站的镜像是指对一个网站内容的拷贝。镜像通常用于为相同信息内容提供不同的源，特别是在下载量大的时候提供了一种可靠的网络连接。
镜像源：镜像源就是把官方的源作为一个镜像，你可以在这下载软件。比如ubuntu官方源在国外，下载软件可能会很慢，这时候就需要换成国内的镜像源。

二、问题复现

root@zynq:/etc/apt# apt-get update
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie InRelease
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates InRelease
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates InRelease
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie Release.gpg
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates Release.gpg
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates Release.gpg
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie Release
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates Release
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates Release
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/main Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/contrib Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/non-free Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/main armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/contrib armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/non-free armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/contrib Translation-en_US
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/contrib Translation-en
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/main Translation-en
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/non-free Translation-en_US
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/non-free Translation-en
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates/main Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates/contrib Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates/non-free Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates/main armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates/contrib armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates/non-free armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates/contrib Translation-en_US
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates/contrib Translation-en
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates/main Translation-en
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates/non-free Translation-en_US
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie-updates/non-free Translation-en
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates/main Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates/contrib Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates/non-free Sources
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates/main armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates/contrib armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates/non-free armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates/contrib Translation-en_US
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates/contrib Translation-en
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates/main Translation-en_US
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates/main Translation-en
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates/non-free Translation-en_US
Ign http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn jessie/updates/non-free Translation-en
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/dists/jessie/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/dists/jessie/contrib/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/dists/jessie/non-free/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/dists/jessie/main/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/dists/jessie/contrib/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/dists/jessie/non-free/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/dists/jessie-updates/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/dists/jessie-updates/contrib/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/dists/jessie-updates/non-free/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/dists/jessie-updates/main/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/dists/jessie-updates/contrib/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/dists/jessie-updates/non-free/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/dists/jessie/updates/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/dists/jessie/updates/contrib/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/dists/jessie/updates/non-free/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/dists/jessie/updates/main/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/dists/jessie/updates/contrib/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/dists/jessie/updates/non-free/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]

E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

我们用apt-get update时候发现更新失败，查询发现国内debian镜像源已经不维护这个jessie版本的源，所以导致更新失败。怎么去解决呢？毫无疑问，这个时候需要换一个国内持续维护的debian镜像源。

三、更换镜像源步骤

先选择一个目前还在维护合适的镜像源：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/debian/

在arm开发板上更换国内镜像源，这里我选择的debian 11 bullseye。

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free

deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free

执行apt update，之后会发现报错，信息如下：

解决方法：
```
cd /usr/lib/apt/methods
ln -s http https
```
再次执行apt update，发现又出现报错，信息如下：

解决方法：
```
apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 0E98404D386FA1D9 6ED0E7B82643E131 605C66F00D6C9793 112695A0E562B32A 54404762BBB6E853
```
最后再次执行：apt update 无报错。
执行apt upgrade，问题解决。

总结

以上就是今天要讲的内容，本文简单介绍了ARM板子debian镜像源替换方法，一个好的稳定的镜像源可以有效提升我们嵌入式开发效率。希望大家点点关注，订阅，持续更新，张工致力于有效解决我们项目开发过程中遇到的问题。文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-843029.html

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