目录
二分类
1. BCELoss
2. BCEWithLogitsLoss
多分类
1. CrossEntropyLoss
举例
二分类
两个损失:BCELoss,BCEWithLogitsLoss
1. BCELoss
输入:([B,C], [B,C]),代表(prediction,target)的维度,其中,B是Batchsize,C为样本的class,即样本的类别数。
输出:一个标量
等价于:BCELoss + sigmoid
import torch
from torch import nn
input = torch.randn(3) # (3,1) 随机生成一个输入,没有被sigmoid。
print(input)
print(input.shape)
target=torch.Tensor([0., 1., 1.])
loss1=nn.BCELoss()
print("BCELoss:",loss1(torch.sigmoid(input), target))#需要sigmod
输出:
BCELoss: tensor(1.0053)
2. BCEWithLogitsLoss
输入:([B,C], [B,C]),输出:一个标量
import torch
from torch import nn
input = torch.randn(3) # (3,1) 随机生成一个输入,没有被sigmoid。
print(input)
print(input.shape)
target=torch.Tensor([0., 1., 1.])
loss2=nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()
print("BCEWithLogitsLoss:",loss2(input,target))#不需要sigmoid
输出:
BCEWithLogitsLoss: tensor(1.0053)
多分类
1. CrossEntropyLoss
输入:([B,C], [B]) 输出:一个标量(这个minibatch的mean/sum的loss)
nn.CrossEntropyLoss计算过程:
input: logits(未经过softmax的模型的"输出”)
- softmax(input)
- -log(softmax(input))
- 用target做选择提取(关于logsoftmax)· mean
等价于:nn.CrossEntropyLoss = nn.NLLLoss(nn.LogSoftmax)
import torch
from torch import nn
loss2 = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction="none")
target2 = torch.tensor([0, 1, 2])
predict2 = torch.tensor([[0.9, 0.2, 0.8], [0.5, 0.2, 0.4], [0.4, 0.2, 0.9]])
print(predict2.shape) # torch.Size([3, 3])
print(target2.shape) # torch.Size([3])
print(loss2(predict2, target2))
# #结果计算为:
# tensor([0.8761, 1.2729, 0.7434])
举例
1. BCEWithLogitsLoss计算ACC和Loss:
参考:https://github.com/Loche2/IMDB_RNN/blob/master/training.py
criterion = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()
# 计算准确率
def binary_accuracy(predicts, y):
rounded_predicts = torch.round(torch.sigmoid(predicts))
correct = (rounded_predicts == y).float()
accuracy = correct.sum() / len(correct)
return accuracy
# 训练
def train(model, iterator, optimizer, criterion):
model.train()
epoch_loss = 0
epoch_accuracy = 0
for batch in tqdm(iterator, desc=f'Epoch [{epoch + 1}/{EPOCHS}]', delay=0.1):
optimizer.zero_grad()
predictions = model(batch.text[0]).squeeze(1)
loss = criterion(predictions, batch.label)
accuracy = binary_accuracy(predictions, batch.label)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
epoch_loss += loss.item()
epoch_accuracy += accuracy.item()
return epoch_loss / len(iterator), epoch_accuracy / len(iterator)
2. 计算ACC和Loss
# 截取情感分析部分代码
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
total_loss = 0.0
correct_predictions = 0
total_predictions = 0
for batch in train_loader:
input_ids = batch['input_ids'].to(device)
labels = batch['label'].to(device)
optimizer.zero_grad()
logits = model(input_ids)
loss_sentiment = criterion(logits, labels.long())
loss_sentiment.backward()
optimizer.step()
total_loss += loss_sentiment.item()
# get sentiment accuracy
predicted_labels = torch.argmax(logits, dim=1)
correct_predictions += torch.sum(predicted_labels == labels).item()
total_predictions += labels.size(0)
accuracy = correct_predictions / total_predictions
loss = total_loss / len(train_loader)
也可以直接看github上别人写的例子:https://github.com/songyouwei/ABSA-PyTorch/blob/master/train.py
参考:
深刻剖析与实战BCELoss详解(主)和BCEWithLogitsLoss(次)以及与普通CrossEntropyLoss的区别(次)-CSDN博客
另外提出一个问题:
二分类必须用BCEWithLogitsLoss吗,也可以用CrossEntropyLoss吧?
(1)如果用CrossEntropyLoss的话,只要让网络的fc层为nn.Linear(hidden_size, 2)就行,这样就和多分类一样算。另外CrossEntropyLoss里面包含了softmax,所以在计算loss的时候也不需要过softmax再算loss.
(2)如果用BCEWithLogitsLoss的话,就按照上面举例中BCEWithLogitsLoss计算Loss,只是如上面代码可是,再计算Acc的时候将predict使用sigimoid缩放到0,1来计算预测正确的个数。
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参考问题:二分类问题,应该选择sigmoid还是softmax? - 知乎 文章来源地址https://www.toymoban.com/news/detail-846075.html
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